Two new genera (Streptosarcina and Streptofilum) and three new species (Streptosarcina arenaria, S. costaricana and Streptofilum capillatum) of streptophyte algae were detected in cultures isolated from terrestrial habitats of Europe and Central America and described using an integrative approach. Additionally, a strain isolated from soil in North America was identified as Hormidiella parvula and proposed as an epitype of this species. The molecular phylogeny based on 18S rRNA and rbcL genes, secondary structure of ITS-2, as well as the morphology of vegetative and reproductive stages, cell ultrastructure, ecology and distribution of the investigated strains were assessed. The new genus Streptosarcina forms a sister lineage to the genus Hormidiella (Klebsormidiophyceae). Streptosarcina is characterized by packet-like (sarcinoid) and filamentous thalli with true branching and a cell organization typical for Klebsormidiophyceae. Streptofilum forms a separate lineage within Streptophyta. This genus represents an easily disintegrating filamentous alga which exhibits a cell coverage of unique structure: layers of submicroscopic scales of piliform shape covering the plasmalemma and exfoliate inside the mucilage envelope surrounding cells. The implications of the discovery of the new taxa for understanding evolutionary tendencies in the Streptophyta, a group of great evolutionary interest, are discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• Hormidiella, Streptofilum, Streptophyta, Streptosarcina, integrative approach, ultrastructure.,
• MeSH
• DNA rostlinná chemie   genetika   MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• konformace nukleové kyseliny MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• ribulosa-1,5-bisfosfát-karboxylasa genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 18S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Streptophyta klasifikace   genetika   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Severní Amerika MeSH
• Střední Amerika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA rostlinná MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
• RbcL protein, plastid MeSH Prohlížeč
• ribozomální DNA MeSH
• ribulosa-1,5-bisfosfát-karboxylasa MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 18S MeSH