The nontuberculous mycobacteria are typically environmental organisms residing in soil and water. These microorganisms can cause a wide range of clinical diseases; pulmonary disease is most frequent, followed by lymphadenitis in children, skin and soft tissue disease, and rare extra pulmonary or disseminated infections. Mycobacterium avium complex is the second most common cause of pulmonary mycobacterioses after M. tuberculosis. This review covers the clinical and laboratory diagnosis of infection caused by the members of this complex and particularities for the treatment of different disease types and patient populations.

• MeSH
• Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Infection diagnosis   etiology   therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Environmental Microbiology MeSH
• Mycobacterium avium Complex classification   drug effects   genetics   MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Disease Reservoirs microbiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

IS901 RFLP analysis of 36 Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium (MAA) isolates from 15 pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) and two goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) from four pheasant farms was performed. Using this method, six different IS901 RFLP types (E, F, G, M, Q, and V) were identified. The distribution of IS901 RFLP profiles was tightly linked to individual flocks. Matching IS901 RFLP profiles observed in the present study indicate MAA transmission between pheasants and goshawks in the same locality. In two flocks, different pheasants within a flock as well as in various organs of five individual pheasants were found to have two distinct IS901 RFLP profiles.

• Keywords
• MAC, avian tuberculosis, captive birds, genotyping, zoonosis,
• MeSH
• Galliformes * MeSH
• Liver microbiology   MeSH
• Bone Marrow microbiology   MeSH
• Mycobacterium avium genetics   MeSH
• Poultry Diseases microbiology   MeSH
• Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length * MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic * MeSH
• Tuberculosis, Avian microbiology   MeSH
• Spleen microbiology   MeSH
• Intestines microbiology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

In early 1999, there was an increased incidence of tuberculous lesions in the lymph nodes of slaughtered pigs in the Czech Republic. In part 1 of this study, tuberculous lesions were detected in 140 (62%) tissue samples collected from pigs coming from 15 farms in 15 districts at routine veterinary meat inspections in abattoirs. Mycobacteria were isolated from 37 (16%) tissue samples: 34 Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates and three environmentally derived mycobacteria. In search of infection sources, M. avium subsp. hominissuis was isolated from 38 (79%) samples of peat used as a feed supplement. In part 2 of our study, the head, mesenteric, and inguinal lymph nodes of 117 randomly selected slaughtered pigs from one farm with young piglets fed peat as a supplement were investigated for mycobacterial infection. From 65 (56%) pigs, a total of 76 mycobacterial isolates were identified (56 M. avium subsp. hominissuis isolates, 5 M. avium subsp. avium isolates, 3 M. intracellulare isolates, and 12 environmentally derived mycobacterial isolates). IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types with >20 bands of 45 distinct RFLP types were found in 49 M. avium subsp. hominissuis isolates from pigs (n = 31) and peat (n = 18). Identical RFLP types were found in only four pig isolates. Five randomly selected isolates from pigs and peat were subcultured to six independent clones or colonies. Among the IS1245 RFLP types of 30 clones, identical RFLP types obtained from pigs and peat were identified, which confirmed the hypothesis that peat contaminated with mycobacteria represents a significant source of mycobacterial infection for pigs.

• MeSH
• Animal Feed microbiology   MeSH
• Mycobacterium avium Complex genetics   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length MeSH
• Swine microbiology   MeSH
• Soil Microbiology * MeSH
• DNA Transposable Elements MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• DNA Transposable Elements MeSH