Recent examinations of some marine fishes from off the southern coast of Iraq revealed the presence of two new species of Dichelyne (Dichelyne) Jägerskiöld, 1902 (Nematoda: Cucullanidae), both intestinal parasites, namely: D. (D.) lethrini n. sp. from the smalltooth emperor Lethrinus microdon Valenciennes (Lethrinidae, Acanthuriformes) and D. (D.) iraqiensis n. sp. from the humphead snapper Lutjanus sanguineus (Cuvier) (Lutjanidae, Acanthuriformes). Specimens are described and illustrated based on light and scanning electron microscopical examinations. Dichelyne (D.) lethrini n. sp. is mainly characterised by the length of spicules (522 µm), presence of a dorsal caecum, location of deirids at the level of the posterior end of oesophagus and the post-oesophageal position of the excretory pore, number (10 pairs) and distribution of caudal papillae in the male, and the presence of two minute terminal spines on the female tail tip. Dichelyne (D.) iraqiensis n. sp. differs from the species of the subgenus Dichelyne mainly based on the absence of caudal spines, the presence of a dorsal caecum, the length of spicules (789-884 µm), the location of deirids and the excretory pore approximately at the same level, and the size of eggs (72-78 × 42-51 µm). These new species infecting marine fishes in Iraq represent new geographic records of cucullanids of the subgenus Dichelyne from fishes in marine waters off Iraq.

• MeSH
• Ascaridida * MeSH
• Species Specificity MeSH
• Nematoda * MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MeSH
• Fish Diseases * parasitology   MeSH
• Perciformes * parasitology   MeSH
• Fishes parasitology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Iraq MeSH

Three species of parasitic nematodes are redescribed based on light and scanning electron microscopical (SEM) examinations of newly collected specimens in fishes of South Carolina, USA: Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) bullocki Stromberg & Crites, 1972 from Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus) (Fundulidae); Dichelyne (Dichelyne) diplocaecum Chandler, 1935 from Ictalurus furcatus (Valenciennes) (Ictaluridae); and Hysterothylacium pelagicum Deardorff & Overstreet, 1982 from Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus (Coryphaenidae). For the first time, intraspecific variations in the number of intestinal caeca were observed in D. bullocki, as well as previously unknown males and gravid females of D. diplocaecum are described; this enabled to synonymise D. mexicanus Caspeta-Mandujano, Moravec & Salgado-Maldonado, 1999 with D. diplocaecum. Unlike most congeneric species, H. pelagicum has no double postanal papillae, as confirmed by SEM. A key to the species of Dichelyne Jägerskiöld, 1902 parasitic in freshwater and brackish-water fishes in North America is provided.

• MeSH
• Ascaridida anatomy & histology   classification   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Species Specificity MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MeSH
• Fishes parasitology   MeSH
• Fresh Water * MeSH
• Saline Waters * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• South Carolina MeSH
• North America MeSH

A redescription of Philometra globiceps (Rudolphi 1819), the type species of Philometra Costa 1845 (Philometridae), is provided on the basis of specimens collected from the gonads, stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine and gallbladder of the marine fish Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus (Uranoscopidae, Perciformes) caught in the Ionian Sea off Ugento, southern Italy. Light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical examinations (latter used for the first time in this species) of the specimens revealed some previously unreported morphological features, such as the location of submedian pairs of cephalic papillae of external circle on four elevated cuticular lobes in gravid females, the presence of amphids, genital papillae and phasmids in males, the lamellate structure of the distal end of gubernaculum appearing as a dorsal protuberance in lateral view and the structure of the male caudal end. A taxonomically important feature of P. globiceps is the details in the dorsal transverse lamella-like structures on the distal end of the gubernaculum, by which this species can be separated from other gonad-infecting species of this genus. Apparently, P. globiceps is a specific parasite of U. scaber and all previous records of this species from hosts belonging to other fish families are evidently based on misidentifications.

• Keywords
• Dracunculoidea, Italy, Marine fish, Parasitic nematode, Uranoscopus,
• MeSH
• Cecum parasitology   MeSH
• Dracunculoidea isolation & purification   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Gonads parasitology   MeSH
• Spirurida Infections parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MeSH
• Fish Diseases parasitology   MeSH
• Perciformes parasitology   MeSH
• Stomach parasitology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Italy MeSH

Two different gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 were collected from the ovary of marine perciform fishes, the blackspotted croaker Protonibea diacanthus (Sciaenidae) and the John's snapper Lutjanus johnii (Lutjanidae), from off the northern coast of Australia. Nematodes (males and females) from P. diacanthus represent a new taxon, Philometra protonibeae n. sp., which is mainly characterized by the body length of the males (3.37-3. 90 mm), broad, equally long spicules (length 126-141 μm) and the shape and structure of the gubernaculum with a dorsally lamellate distal tip. The nematodes (only females) from L. johnii may represent an undescribed species, but, because of the absence of conspecific males, they could not be specifically identified. Philometra protonibeae is the fifth nominal gonad-infecting species of this genus recorded from marine fishes in Australian waters and the seventh species of these parasites described from fishes of the family Sciaenidae.

Deux espèces différentes de Philometra Costa, 1845, parasites des gonades de poissons, ont été collectées des ovaires de poissons perciformes marins, Protonibea diacanthus (Sciaenidae) et Lutjanus johnii (Lutjanidae), au large de la côte nord de l’Australie. Les nématodes (mâles et femelles) de P. diacanthus représentent un nouveau taxon, Philometra protonibeae n. sp., qui se caractérise principalement par la longueur du corps des mâles (3.37-3.90 mm), des spicules larges et de même longueur (126-141 μm) et la forme et la structure du gubernaculum, qui a une pointe distale dorsalement lamellaire. Les nématodes (seulement femelles) de L. johnii peuvent représenter une espèce non décrite, mais, en raison de l’absence des mâles conspécifiques, n’ont pas pu être identifiés au niveau de l’espèce. Philometra protonibeae est la cinquième espèce nominale de ce genre infectant les gonades qui est mentionnée de poissons marins dans les eaux australiennes et la septième espèce décrite de poissons de la famille Sciaenidae.

• MeSH
• Dracunculoidea anatomy & histology   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Helminthiasis, Animal epidemiology   parasitology   MeSH
• Spirurida Infections epidemiology   parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Fish Diseases epidemiology   parasitology   MeSH
• Ovary parasitology   MeSH
• Perciformes parasitology   MeSH
• Fishes parasitology   MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Testis parasitology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Pregnancy MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Australia MeSH
• Indian Ocean MeSH

Based on light and electron microscopical studies, two new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) are described from the ovary of marine perciform fishes off the northern coast of Australia (near Darwin): Philometra carangis n. sp. from the bluespotted trevally Caranx bucculentus Alleyne & Macleay (Carangidae) and P. carponotati n. sp. from the Spanish flag snapper Lutjanus carponotatus (Richardson) (Lutjanidae). Philometra carangis is mainly characterised by the length of the spicules (153-189 µm), the presence of a distinct dorsal protuberance consisting of two dorsolateral lamellar parts separated from each other by a smooth median field, a V-shaped mound on the male caudal extremity, a pair of large post-cloacal papillae and the body length of the males (3.22-4.15 mm). Philometra carponotati is distinguished from other congeneric species parasitising lutjanids by the length of the spicules and gubernaculum (225-252 and 99-117 µm, respectively), the absence of a dorsal protuberance on the distal lamellar part of the gubernaculum, the presence of a U-shaped mound on the male caudal extremity, a pair of large post-cloacal papillae and the body length of the male (3.74-4.31 mm). Besides the recently established Philometra zabidii Moravec & Diggles, 2014 (based on a single female), these two newly described nematodes are the only nominal gonad-infecting species of Philometra known to parasitise marine fishes in Australian waters.

• MeSH
• Dracunculoidea anatomy & histology   classification   physiology   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Species Specificity MeSH
• Gonads parasitology   MeSH
• Fishes parasitology   MeSH
• Body Size MeSH
• Aquatic Organisms parasitology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Australia MeSH

Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, two new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) are described from marine fishes of the genus Lutjanus Bloch (Lutjanidae, Perciformes) in the Bay of Bengal, off the eastern coast of India: Philometra argentimaculati sp. n. and Philometra fulvi sp. n. from the mangrove red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsskål) and blacktail snapper Lutjanus fulvus (Foerster), respectively. P. argentimaculati is mainly characterised by the body length of male 2.56-3.07 mm, needle-like spicules 183-228 μm long, length of the gubernaculum at 90-120 μm, distal end of the gubernaculum with lamellar structures without a dorsal protuberance and by the dorsally non-interrupted male caudal mound. P. fulvi differs from all Philometra spp. with described males in the rectangular shape of the distal tip of the gubernaculum and is noted for the length of needle-like spicules 123-138 μm, that of the gubernaculum 69-93 μm and for the presence of a dorsal protuberance and lamella-like structures on the gubernaculum distal end. These are the first nominal species of philometrids reported from fishes of the family Lutjanidae in the region of the Indian Ocean. A necessity of further detailed studies on philometrids parasitising marine fishes worlwide is stressed.

• MeSH
• Gonads parasitology   MeSH
• Nematoda classification   MeSH
• Spirurida Infections parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MeSH
• Fish Diseases epidemiology   parasitology   MeSH
• Perciformes parasitology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Indian Ocean epidemiology   MeSH

A recent examination of newly obtained specimens of philometrid nematodes (Philometridae) parasitising carangid and serranid fishes off New Caledonia, South Pacific, revealed the presence of several nematodes of the genus Philometra Costa, 1845, including three new species: P. austropacifica n. sp. (males and females) from the ovary of Alepes vari (Carangidae), P. piscaria n. sp. (males) from the ovary of Epinephelus coioides (Serranidae), and P. selaris n. sp. (males) probably from the abdominal cavity (found in washings) of Selar crumenophthalmus (Carangidae). The new species are characterised mainly by the length and structure of the spicules and gubernaculum, body size, their location in the host and the type of host. Philometra austropacifica n. sp. is the first known nominal gonad-infecting species of Philometra parasitising a carangid fish. In addition, the gravid female of P. fasciati Moravec & Justine, 2008 from the ovary of Epinephelus fasciatus (Serranidae) is described for the first time. Carangid host fish were identified by both morphology and DNA barcoding.

Une étude récente de spécimens nouvellement obtenus de nématodes Philometridae parasitant des poissons Carangidae et Serranidae de Nouvelle-Calédonie, dans le Pacifique Sud, a révélé la présence de plusieurs nématodes du genre Philometra Costa, 1845, dont trois nouvelles espèces : P. austropacifica n. sp. (mâles et femelles) de l’ovaire de Alepes vari (Carangidae), P. piscaria n. sp. (mâles) de l’ovaire d’Epinephelus coioides (Serranidae), et P. selaris n. sp. (mâles) probablement de la cavité abdominale (dans des lavages) de Selar crumenophthalmus (Carangidae). Les nouvelles espèces sont principalement caractérisées par la longueur et la structure des spicules et du gubernaculum, la taille du corps, par leur localisation dans l’hôte et par le type d’hôte. Philometra austropacifica n. sp. est la première espèce nominale connue de Philometra parasitant les gonades d’un Carangidae. En outre, la femelle gravide de P. fasciati Moravec et Justine, 2008 est décrite pour la première fois à partir de l’ovaire d’Epinephelus fasciatus (Serranidae). Les poissons hôtes Carangidae ont été identifiés à la fois par la morphologie et des codes-barres ADN.

• MeSH
• Dracunculoidea classification   growth & development   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Species Specificity MeSH
• Helminthiasis parasitology   MeSH
• Spirurida Infections parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Larva MeSH
• Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
• Fish Diseases parasitology   MeSH
• Intestinal Diseases parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Ovary parasitology   MeSH
• Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic MeSH
• Perciformes genetics   parasitology   MeSH
• Sex Characteristics MeSH
• Fishes genetics   parasitology   MeSH
• Base Sequence MeSH
• Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid MeSH
• Sequence Alignment MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• New Caledonia MeSH
• Pacific Ocean MeSH

Based on light and electron microscopical studies, the following four species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Nematoda: Philometridae) are described from marine fishes from off Basrah, southern Iraq (Arabian Gulf): P. brachiri n. sp. (males and females) from the ovary of the Oriental sole Brachirus orientalis (Bloch & Schneider) (Pleuronectiformes; Soleidae), P. piscaria Moravec & Justine, 2014 (female) from the ovary of the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton) (Perciformes: Serranidae), P. otolithi Moravec & Manoharan, 2013 (male and females) from the ovary of the tigerteeth croaker Otolithes ruber (Bloch & Schneider) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) and P. tricornuta n. sp. (female) from the musculature of the caudal peduncle of the greater lizardfish Saurida tumbil (Bloch) (Aulopiformes: Synodontidae). Philometra brachiri is mainly characterised by the structure of the distal tip of the gubernaculum and the length of the spicules (132-135 μm) in male. Philometra tricornuta is distinguished by the presence of three large sclerotised oesophageal teeth and two tandem bulbous inflations at the anterior end of oesophagus in female. The female of P. piscaria is described for the first time. Philometra brachiri is the first species of this genus described from a fish belonging to the family Soleidae. The findings of P. piscaria and P. otolithi in Iraqi marine waters represent new geographical records.

• MeSH
• Dracunculoidea anatomy & histology   classification   ultrastructure   MeSH
• Species Specificity MeSH
• Spirurida Infections parasitology   MeSH
• Microscopy, Electron, Scanning MeSH
• Fish Diseases parasitology   MeSH
• Ovary parasitology   MeSH
• Fishes MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Iraq MeSH