Seven new species of Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Dactylogyridae) are described from the gills of seven endemic species of cyprinoids (Cyprinidae, Leuciscidae) inhabiting the Balkan Peninsula: Dactylogyrus romuli n. sp. from Luciobarbus albanicus (Greece), Dactylogyrus remi n. sp. from Luciobarbus graecus (Greece), Dactylogyrus recisus n. sp. from Pachychilon macedonicum (Greece), Dactylogyrus octopus n. sp. from Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus (Greece), Dactylogyrus vukicae n. sp. from Delminichthys adspersus (Bosnia and Herzegovina), Dactylogyrus leptus n. sp. from Chondrostoma knerii (Bosnia and Herzegovina), and Dactylogyrus sandai n. sp. from Telestes karsticus (Croatia). To delineate species boundaries, we used an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphological and genetic data. With these tools, we illustrate that some species of monogeneans considered as cryptic might be designated as pseudocryptic (morphologically similar, not easily differentiated) after a posteriori detailed morphological examination, as happened with D. romuli n. sp. and D. remi n. sp. Thus, for accurate species characterization, it is particularly important to acquire both morphological and molecular data from the same individual specimens, ideally along with illustrations of taxonomically important structures directly taken from hologenophores. Using phylogenetic reconstruction, we investigated the phylogenetic position of newly described Dactylogyrus species within Dactylogyrus species from Balkan cyprinoids with regard to morphological characteristics, host range, and geographical distribution.

TITLE: Découverte de la diversité des Monogènes (Plathelminthes) des poissons cypriniformes endémiques de la péninsule balkanique : nouvelles espèces de Dactylogyrus et commentaires sur leur phylogénie et les associations hôte-parasite dans un contexte biogéographique. ABSTRACT: Sept nouvelles espèces de Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Dactylogyridae) sont décrites à partir des branchies de sept espèces endémiques de cyprinoïdés (Cyprinidae, Leuciscidae) habitant la péninsule balkanique : Dactylogyrus romuli n. sp. de Luciobarbus albanicus (Grèce), Dactylogyrus remi n. sp. de Luciobarbus graecus (Grèce), Dactylogyrus recisus n. sp. de Pachychilon macedonicum (Grèce), Dactylogyrus octopus n. sp. de Tropidophoxinellus spartiaticus (Grèce), Dactylogyrus vukicae n. sp. de Delminichthys adspersus (Bosnie-Herzégovine), Dactylogyrus leptus n. sp. de Chondrostoma knerii (Bosnie-Herzégovine) et Dactylogyrus sandai n. sp. de Telestes karsticus (Croatie). Pour la délimitation des espèces, nous avons utilisé une approche taxonomique intégrative combinant des données morphologiques et génétiques. Avec ces outils, nous illustrons que certaines espèces de Monogènes considérées comme cryptiques pourraient être désignées comme pseudocryptiques (morphologiquement similaires, pas facilement différenciées) après un examen morphologique détaillé a posteriori, comme cela s’est produit avec D. romuli n. sp. et D. remi n. sp. Ainsi, pour une caractérisation précise des espèces, il est particulièrement important d’acquérir des données morphologiques et moléculaires à partir des mêmes spécimens individuels, idéalement avec des illustrations de structures taxonomiquement importantes directement prises à partir d’hologénophores. En utilisant la reconstruction phylogénétique, nous avons étudié la position phylogénétique des espèces de Dactylogyrus nouvellement décrites au sein des espèces de Dactylogyrus des cyprinoïdés des Balkans en ce qui concerne les caractéristiques morphologiques, la gamme d’hôtes et la distribution géographique.

• Klíčová slova
• Balkan Peninsula, Cyprinidae, Dactylogyridae, Dactylogyrus, Leuciscidae, Monogenea,
• MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• interakce hostitele a parazita * MeSH
• máloostní * parazitologie   MeSH
• paraziti * MeSH
• Trematoda * klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH
• Chorvatsko epidemiologie   MeSH

The epicontinental fauna of the Iberian Peninsula is strongly influenced by its geographical history. As the possibilities for dispersion of organisms into and from this region were (and still are) limited, the local fauna consists almost exclusively of endemic species. Almost all Iberian freshwater fishes of the families Leuciscidae and Cyprinidae are endemic and on-going research on these taxa continually uncovers new species. Nevertheless, information on their host-specific parasites remains scarce. In this study, we investigate the diversity and phylogenetic relationships in monogeneans of the genus Dactylogyrus (gill ectoparasites specific to cyprinoid fish) in the Iberian Peninsula. Twenty-two species were collected and identified from 19 host species belonging to Cyprinidae and Leuciscidae. A high degree of endemism was observed, with 21 Dactylogyrus species reported from Iberia only and a single species, D. borealis, also reported from other European regions. Phylogenetic analysis split the endemic Iberian Dactylogyrus into two well-supported clades, the first encompassing Dactylogyrus parasitizing endemic Luciobarbus spp. only, and the second including all Dactylogyrus species of endemic leuciscids and four species of endemic cyprinids. Species delimitation analysis suggests a remarkable diversity and existence of a multitude of cryptic Dactylogyrus species parasitizing endemic leuciscids (Squalius spp. and representatives of Chondrostoma s.l.). These results suggest a rapid adaptive radiation of Dactylogyrus in this geographically isolated region, closely associated with their cyprinoid hosts. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis supports that Dactylogyrus parasites colonized the Iberian Peninsula through multiple dispersion events.

• Klíčová slova
• Cyprinoidea, Iberian Peninsula, Monogenea, host-specificity, phylogeny, species delimitation,
• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• biologická adaptace MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• Cyprinidae * MeSH
• infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• Trematoda fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Portugalsko MeSH
• Španělsko MeSH

Parasites exhibiting a high degree of host specificity are expected to be intimately associated with their hosts. Therefore, the evolution of host-specific parasites is at least partially shaped by the evolutionary history and distribution of such hosts. Gill ectoparasites of Dactylogyrus (Monogenea) are specific to cyprinid fish. In the present study, we investigated the evolutionary history of 47 Dactylogyrus species from the Balkan Peninsula, the Mediteranean region exhibiting the highest cyprinid diversity in Europe, and from central European cyprinids. Phylogenetic analyses revealed four well-supported clades of endemic and non-endemic Dactylogyrus spp. with four basal taxa. Endemic cyprinids with a limited distribution range were parasitized by endemic Dactylogyrus species, but some of them shared several Dactylogyrus species with central European cyprinids. Species delimitation analyses based on molecular data suggest that Dactylogyrus diversity is higher than that defined from morphology. Some endemic cyprinid species harboured Dactylogyrus species of different origins, this probably resulting from multiple host switching. Our results support the view that the evolution of Dactylogyrus in the Balkans has been influenced not only by the historical dispersion and distribution of their cyprinid hosts, but also by recent contacts of non-native cyprinid species with endemic cyprinid fauna in this region.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita * MeSH
• Cyprinidae parazitologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• hostitelská specificita * MeSH
• molekulární evoluce MeSH
• ploštěnci klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• žábry parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Balkánský poloostrov MeSH
• Středomoří MeSH

BACKGROUND: The host specificity of fish parasites is considered a useful parasite characteristic with respect to understanding the biogeography of their fish hosts. Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 (Monogenea) includes common parasites of cyprinids exhibiting different degrees of host specificity, i.e. from strict specialism to generalism. The phylogenetic relationships and historical dispersions of several cyprinid lineages, including Aulopyge huegelii Heckel, 1843, are still unclear. Therefore, the aims of our study were to investigate (i) the Dactylogyrus spp. parasites of A. huegelii, and (ii) the phylogenetic relationships of Dactylogyrus spp. parasitizing A. huegelii as a possible tool for understanding the phylogenetic position of this fish species within the Cyprininae lineage. RESULTS: Two species of Dactylogyrus, D. vastator Nybelin, 1924 and D. omenti n. sp., were collected from 14 specimens of A. huegelii from the Šujica River (Bosnia and Herzegovina). While D. vastator is a typical species parasitizing Carassius spp. and Cyprinus carpio L, D. omenti n. sp. is, according to phylogenetic reconstruction, closely related to Dactylogyrus species infecting European species of Barbus and Luciobarbus. The genetic distance revealed that the sequence for D. vastator from A. huegelii is identical with that for D. vastator from Barbus plebejus Bonaparte, 1839 (Italy) and Carassius gibelio (Bloch, 1782) (Croatia). Dactylogyrus omenti n. sp. was described as a species new to science. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the phylogenetic position of A. huegelii within the Cyprininae lineage and suggest that A. huegelii is phylogenetically closely related to Barbus and Luciobarbus species. The morphological similarity between D. omenti n. sp. and Dactylogyrus species of Middle Eastern Barbus suggests historical contact between cyprinid species recently living in allopatry and the possible diversification of A. huegelii from a common ancestor in this area. On other hand, the genetic similarity between D. vastator ex A. huegelii and D. vastator ex C. gibelio collected in Balkan Peninsula suggests that A. huegelii was secondarily parasitized by D. vastator, originating from C. gibelio after introduction of this fish species from Asia to Europe.

• Klíčová slova
• Aulopyge, Coevolution, Cyprininae, Dactylogyrus, Host specificity, Phylogeography,
• MeSH
• Cyprinidae klasifikace   parazitologie   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• hostitelská specificita * MeSH
• infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• Trematoda klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Asie MeSH
• Bosna a Hercegovina MeSH
• Chorvatsko MeSH
• Itálie MeSH