BACKGROUND: This study examines the perspectives of individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD) on a nurse-led eHealth cardiac rehabilitation (NeCR) program, which included a website, tele-monitoring device, and social media chatroom. METHODS: Using a descriptive qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 participants to capture their feedback and experiences with the NeCR program. RESULTS: Participants found the NeCR program valuable in addressing gaps in cardiac rehabilitation services in China, empowering them to make behavioral changes and enhancing their social motivation. However, they also highlighted the need for a more user-friendly website, better symptom management during exercise, and stronger privacy protections in the peer networking chatroom. The study concludes that the NeCR program is feasible in providing accessible rehabilitative services at home post-discharge. Recommendations include improving the self-monitoring platform for ease of use, incorporating immediate symptom management guidance during exercise, and ensuring a secure environment for online peer support. CONCLUSIONS: These findings offer crucial insights for developing patient-centered eHealth cardiac rehabilitation services, emphasizing the importance of user-friendly design, effective symptom management features, and privacy protection in promoting participant engagement with e-platforms. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR1800020411 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=33906).

• Klíčová slova
• behavioral change, cardiac rehabilitation, coronary heart disease, eHealth, patient‐centered care,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kardiovaskulární rehabilitace * metody   MeSH
• koronární nemoc rehabilitace   ošetřování   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• telemedicína * MeSH
• zpětná vazba MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

OBJECTIVES: A number of population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models of imipenem in critically ill patients are available for dosing optimization, but they represent only a narrow range of kidney functions. This study evaluates the target attainment of on-label regimens through popPK modelling and simulation in patients across different kidney functions. METHODS: A popPK model was built based on two datasets from Switzerland (model development population, 151 patients, 322 concentrations) and externally validated on two datasets from the Czech Republic (19 patients, 111 concentrations) and Vietnam (43 patients, 85 concentrations). Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate the probability of target attainment from a MIC of 0.125 mg/L to 32 mg/L. We estimated the cumulative fraction of response against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (the epidemiological cut-off value was 4 mg/L) across a broad range of Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance values (CLCRCG 15-130 mL/min). Targets of 40% and 100%ƒT > MIC (percentage of dosing interval estimated free concentrations above MIC) were investigated. RESULTS: Decreased kidney function estimated glomerular filtration rate by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration 2021 (eGFRCKD-EPI <90 mL/min) was observed in 70 of 151 patients (46.4%) within the model development population, and in 11 of 19 (57.9%) and 24 of 43 (55.8%) patients in the Czech Republic and Vietnam, respectively. CLCRCG significantly influenced the imipenem clearance described by a two-compartment model. For probability of target attainment, all regimens achieved 40% ƒT > MIC2mg/L. With a 100%ƒT > MIC target, 500 mg q6h (CLCRCG 30-60 mL/min) could only cover an MIC of up to 1 mg/L, irrespective of infusion time. For cumulative fraction of response, no dosing regimen could cover susceptible P. aeruginosa for 100%ƒT > MIC. DISCUSSION: The highest on-label imipenem dosing regimens failed to attain 100% ƒT > MIC4mg/L in patients with decreased kidney function. Higher dosing may be necessary to cover MIC of 4 mg/L. Future trials should explore their efficacy, toxicity, and the utility of model-informed precision dosing in this population.

• Klíčová slova
• Critical illness, Decreased kidney function, External validation, Imipenem, Population pharmacokinetics, Simulation,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * farmakokinetika   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnoty glomerulární filtrace MeSH
• imipenem * farmakokinetika   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kritický stav MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metoda Monte Carlo MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• pseudomonádové infekce * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Švýcarsko MeSH
• Vietnam MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• imipenem * MeSH

Knowledge of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (TPA) outer membrane protein (OMP) sequence variability is essential for understanding spirochete proliferation within endemic populations as well as the design of a globally effective syphilis vaccine. Our group has identified extracellular loops (ECLs) of TPA BamA (TP0326) and members of the FadL family (TP0548, TP0856, TP0858, TP0859, and TP0865) as potential components of a multivalent vaccine cocktail. As part of a consortium to explore TPA strain diversity, we mapped the variability of BamA and FadL orthologs in 186 TPA strains from Malawi, China, and Colombia onto predicted 3D structures. The 186 genomes fell into eight subclades (five Nichols- and three SS14-lineage) with substantial geographic restriction. Single nucleotide variants accounted for the large majority of proteoforms, with variability notably higher within the Nichols-lineage strains. Most mutations were in regions of the proteins predicted to be extracellular and harboring B cell epitopes. We observed a striking difference in the degree of variability between the six OMPs, suggesting that these proteins are following divergent evolutionary paths. Concatenation of OMP sequences recapitulated the phylogenetic structure of the TPA strains, effectively segregating within clades and largely clustering by subclades. Finally, we noted that BamA and FadL candidate ECL vaccinogens, previously shown to elicit antibodies that kill treponemes during in vitro cultivation, are well conserved. Taken as a whole, our study establishes a structural-phylogenetic approach for analyzing the forces shaping the host-pathogen interface in syphilis within endemic populations while informing the selection of vaccine targets.IMPORTANCESyphilis remains a major global health concern, reinforcing the need for a safe and effective vaccine. Understanding the variability of TPA OMPs is essential for tracking pathogen evolution and informing vaccine design. Here, we analyzed the variability of six TPA OMPs in 186 strains from Malawi, China, and Colombia, identifying protein-specific evolutionary patterns. Most mutations were localized in extracellular regions and, notably, appeared to correlate with the phylogenetic structure of TPA. Despite OMP heterogeneity, several candidate vaccinogens remained highly conserved, reinforcing their potential as globally effective vaccine targets. Our study establishes a structural-phylogenetic framework for dissecting the forces shaping the host-spirochete interface within endemic populations and provides a foundation for designing a globally effective syphilis vaccine.

• Klíčová slova
• outer membrane proteins, protein variability, syphilis, vaccines, whole-genome sequencing,
• MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny * genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• molekulární evoluce * MeSH
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány * genetika   imunologie   chemie   MeSH
• syfilis mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Treponema pallidum * genetika   imunologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH
• Kolumbie MeSH
• Malawi MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální vakcíny * MeSH
• proteiny vnější bakteriální membrány * MeSH

Among humans, paternal investment has been shown to enhance both fertility and offspring survival. While psychological and ecological influences on human paternal investment are relatively well documented, cultural influences remain less well understood. It has been proposed that religion can be an important socio-cultural factor shaping paternal investment. First, religions often instill pro-family values in fathers, potentially increasing their investment. Second, if religions promote pro-family values in mothers, these values may be communicated through religious behaviours, encouraging greater paternal investment. Alternatively, fathers may use maternal religiosity as a strategic cue of maternal pro-family commitment to reduce their own investment, shifting responsibility to mothers. To evaluate these hypotheses, we analyse data from 1238 children under 17 years old across 822 households in India and Bangladesh. Our findings suggest that in India, paternal religiosity is positively associated with fathers' housework assistance and emotional support to mothers. In Bangladesh, maternal religiosity is positively associated with paternal emotional support to mothers and child provisioning. In both countries, maternal religiosity positively associates with paternal investment among the most religious fathers. These findings indicate that religion plays a complex role in paternal investment, shaped by the interplay of parental religiosity and socio-ecological context.

• Klíčová slova
• Bangladesh, India, allomaternal care, parental religiosity, paternal investment,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• náboženství * MeSH
• otcové * psychologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Bangladéš MeSH
• Indie MeSH

The North Eurasian forest and forest-steppe zones have sustained millennia of sociocultural connections among northern peoples, but much of their history is poorly understood. In particular, the genomic formation of populations that speak Uralic and Yeniseian languages today is unknown. Here, by generating genome-wide data for 180 ancient individuals spanning this region, we show that the Early-to-Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherers harboured a continuous gradient of ancestry from fully European-related in the Baltic, to fully East Asian-related in the Transbaikal. Contemporaneous groups in Northeast Siberia were off-gradient and descended from a population that was the primary source for Native Americans, which then mixed with populations of Inland East Asia and the Amur River Basin to produce two populations whose expansion coincided with the collapse of pre-Bronze Age population structure. Ancestry from the first population, Cis-Baikal Late Neolithic-Bronze Age (Cisbaikal_LNBA), is associated with Yeniseian-speaking groups and those that admixed with them, and ancestry from the second, Yakutia Late Neolithic-Bronze Age (Yakutia_LNBA), is associated with migrations of prehistoric Uralic speakers. We show that Yakutia_LNBA first dispersed westwards from the Lena River Basin around 4,000 years ago into the Altai-Sayan region and into West Siberian communities associated with Seima-Turbino metallurgy-a suite of advanced bronze casting techniques that expanded explosively from the Altai1. The 16 Seima-Turbino period individuals were diverse in their ancestry, also harbouring DNA from Indo-Iranian-associated pastoralists and from a range of hunter-gatherer groups. Thus, both cultural transmission and migration were key to the Seima-Turbino phenomenon, which was involved in the initial spread of early Uralic-speaking communities.

• MeSH
• Asijci * genetika   MeSH
• běloch MeSH
• běloši genetika   MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• etnicita * genetika   MeSH
• genom lidský genetika   MeSH
• haplotypy genetika   MeSH
• jazyk (prostředek komunikace) * dějiny   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidský chromozom Y genetika   MeSH
• migrace lidstva dějiny   MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• starobylá DNA * analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Sibiř etnologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• starobylá DNA * MeSH

Background Childhood vaccination rates fluctuate over time and do not always meet the levels recommended by the WHO. Objective This study aims to provide an overview of measures countries have introduced to increase vaccination rates. Methods We developed a structured data collection template that was completed by country experts from Europe, Israel, the USA, and Canada. Experts were identified using the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies' HSPM (Health Systems and Policy Monitor) network. We approached experts from 32 countries and received responses from 22 countries. In the template we asked for measures introduced between 2014 and 2019. The experts were asked to indicate the type of intervention, the target population, possible positive and negative effects, and evidence on effectiveness. The information was collected between September 2019 and January 2020. Results We identified four main types of interventions: restrictive measures for the unvaccinated, financial incentives, measures supporting the logistics of vaccination, and vaccination promotion campaigns. Restrictive measures often involved expanding existing mandatory vaccination policies or limiting access to pre-school activities for unvaccinated children. Financial incentives for healthcare providers showed some positive effects. Regarding logistical support, several countries used schools as alternative vaccination sites, though this presented organisational challenges. Many countries invested in improving knowledge among both healthcare professionals and parents to encourage vaccine uptake. Conclusions Most initiatives implemented in the countries covered focussed on communication and knowledge enhancement. However, there is limited evidence on the impact of these measures on vaccination coverage.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• internacionalita MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• očkovací programy * MeSH
• podpora zdraví * metody   MeSH
• pokrytí očkováním * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• vakcinace * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zdravotní politika MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Izrael MeSH
• Kanada MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH

Extant studies have predominantly focused on understanding the effects of inbound tourism on economic growth. At the same time, it ignores the key factors that promote outbound tourism in a country. Outbound tourism not only plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of the host country but also helps foster an understanding of cross-cultural similarities and differences, promoting goodwill towards the home country. It also provides an opportunity to experience the cuisine, weather, and working habits of different geographical locations. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between the Human Development Index and tourism outflows in the context of China. We use data from the period 1995-2020 to estimate the relationship between the Human Development Index (HDI) and tourism outflows. The short-run and long-run Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) results indicate that improving China's Human Development Index (HDI) has a positive impact on tourism outflows. More precisely, a 1 unit increase in the HDI index will increase tourism outflow by 5.25%. Furthermore, the results of individual HDI show that life expectancy, per capita income, and education considerably promote China's tourism outflows. Policy prescriptions are outlined regarding the spillover effects of China's human development on the tourism-led economic growth of recipient countries.

• MeSH
• ekonomický rozvoj MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• naděje dožití MeSH
• příjem MeSH
• turistika * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH

Eight unprecedented terpenoids were isolated from submerged cultures of a polyporoid basidiomycete originating from Thailand (which had been referred to as "Cerrena sp." in a previous publication) by preparative chromatography. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry. One of the compounds was crystallized, and its absolute configuration was established by X-ray crystallography. Among the isolated metabolites were several members of the rare nitrogen-containing drimane type and one dimeric drimane, which consists of a nitrogen-containing monomer and a regular monomer. The latter compound represents a hitherto unknown type of terpenoid natural product. The metabolites were subjected to a biological characterization, and some of them showed significant neurotrophic effects. Notably, several of the compounds significantly enhanced the outgrowth of neurites in PC12 cells when treated with 5 ng/mL nerve growth factor. On the other hand, they were devoid of significant cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects.

• MeSH
• Basidiomycota * chemie   MeSH
• buňky PC12 MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• krystalografie rentgenová MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• neurity účinky léků   MeSH
• polycyklické seskviterpeny MeSH
• seskviterpeny * chemie   farmakologie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Thajsko MeSH
• Názvy látek
• drimane MeSH Prohlížeč
• polycyklické seskviterpeny MeSH
• seskviterpeny * MeSH

A novel entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species, Steinernema tarimense n. sp., was isolated from soil samples collected in a Populus euphratica forest located in Yuli County within the Tarim Basin of Xinjiang, China. Integrated morphological and molecular analyses consistently place S. tarimense n. sp. within the 'kushidai-clade'. The infective juvenile (IJ) of new species is characterized by a body length of 674-1010 μm, excretory pore located 53-80 μm from anterior end, nerve ring positioned 85-131 μm from anterior end, pharynx base situated 111-162 μm from anterior end, a tail length of 41-56 μm, and the ratios D% = 42.0-66.6, E% = 116.2-184.4, and H% = 25.5-45.1. The first-generation male of the new species is characterized by a curved spicule length of 61-89 μm, gubernaculum length of 41-58 μm, and ratios D% = 36.8-66.2, SW% = 117.0-206.1, and GS% = 54.8-82.0. Additionally, the tail of first-generation female is conoid with a minute mucron. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS, 28S, and mt12S sequences demonstrated that the three isolates of S. tarimense n. sp. are conspecific and form a sister clade to members of the 'kushidai-clade' including S. akhursti, S. anantnagense, S. kushidai, and S. populi. Notably, the IJs of the new species exhibited faster development at 25°C compared to other Steinernema species. This represents the first described of an indigenous EPN species from Xinjiang, suggesting its potential as a novel biocontrol agent against local pests.

• Klíčová slova
• Populus euphratica forest, Steinernema species, Tarim Basin, morphological description, phylogenetic systematics,
• MeSH
• DNA helmintů genetika   chemie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• Populus parazitologie   MeSH
• půda * parazitologie   MeSH
• Rhabditida * klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA helmintů MeSH
• půda * MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Understanding interspecific differences in plant growth rates and their internal and external drivers is key to predicting species responses to ongoing environmental changes. Annual growth rates vary among plants based on their ecological preferences, growth forms, ecophysiological adaptations and evolutionary history. However, the relative importance of these factors remains unclear, particularly in high-mountain ecosystems experiencing rapid changes. METHODS: We examined how habitat associations, elevational optima, growth forms, and ecophysiological and anatomical traits influence interspecific differences in radial growth rates among 324 vascular dicot species naturally occurring in the western Himalayas. Growth rates were determined from annual ring width measurements on the oldest plant sections of over 7800 individuals from a range of habitats (desert, steppe, wetland, alpine, subnival), growth forms (perennial tap-rooted, rhizomatous, cushiony, woody) and climatic gradients (elevations of 2650-6150 m). KEY RESULTS: Habitat associations accounted for 24 % of the variability in interspecific growth rates. Adding growth form and height increased the explanation to 42 %, and incorporating plant functional traits further improved predictions to 46 %. Growth rates were higher in warmer, drier conditions and lower in cold, wet environments. Subnival cushion plants had the slowest growth, while ruderal plants grew the fastest. Desert plants showed higher growth rates, reflecting their drought adaptive strategies, while wetland forbs had lower growth rates due to increased resource competition. Growth was positively correlated with leaf nitrogen content and non-structural carbohydrates (mainly fructans), due to enhanced photosynthesis and stress tolerance, and negatively correlated with leaf carbon and root nitrogen content. CONCLUSION: Our study of 324 dicot species in the western Himalayas suggests that plant growth in high elevations is determined by a combination of habitat conditions, morphological traits and ecophysiological adaptations. Growth variations among the highest-growing angiosperms reflect adaptive strategies along the global 'fast-slow' and 'acquisitive-conservative' spectrums. These results underscore the importance of habitat-specific studies for predicting plant growth responses to environmental changes, emphasizing a species-specific approach for effective conservation in fragile ecosystems.

• Klíčová slova
• Fast–slow economics spectrum, Himalayan plants, ecophysiology, functional traits, herbchronology, high-elevation plants, plant growth,
• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace * MeSH
• nadmořská výška MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Indie MeSH