The chronic venous disease covers a wide spectrum of venous disorders that are characterized by severely impaired blood return that primarily affects veins in the lower extremities. Morphological and functional abnormalities of the venous system led to chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), and present as leg heaviness/achiness, edema, telangiectasia, and varices. The term 'chronic venous insufficiency' (CVI) refers to a disease of greater severity. Venous dysfunction is associated with venous hypertension and is associated with venous reflux due to poorly functioning or incompetent venous valves, which ultimately reduces venous return, leading to a cascade of morphological, physiological, and histologic abnormalities such as blood pooling, hypoxia, inflammation, swelling, skin changes (lipodermatosclerosis), and in severe cases, venous leg ulcers (VLU). This review summarizes recent knowledge about the aetiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of VLU and compared the possibilities of their treatment.

• Keywords
• chronic venous insufficiency, compression therapy, therapy, venous leg ulcers, wound coverage,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that degrades extracellular matrix (ECM) components. MMPs are associated with venous wall remodelling, proliferation, migration, phenotypic and functional transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells and ECM organization under the physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We investigated possible association of genetic promoter polymorphisms of MMP2 (rs243866), MMP8 (rs11225395), MMP9 (rs3918242) and TIMP2 (rs8179090) to varicose veins development in the Slovak population. Genomic DNA from 276 Slovak individuals (138 cases, 138 controls) was genotyped for selected SNPs (rs243866, rs11225395, rs3918242 and rs8179090) using the PCR-RFLP analysis. The data were analysed by chi-squared (chi2) test, logistic regression, and Mann-Whitney test. The risk of varicose veins development was evaluated in dominant, codominant and recessive genetic models. The statistical evaluation of selected polymorphisms in patients in all three genetic models has not shown a significant risk of varicose veins development. Our study has not shown the association between selected polymorphisms and increased risk of varicose veins development in Slovak population. More evidence with broaden sample size is needed.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 genetics   MeSH
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 genetics   MeSH
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 genetics   MeSH
• Matrix Metalloproteinases genetics   MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Pilot Projects MeSH
• Promoter Regions, Genetic MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Case-Control Studies MeSH
• Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 genetics   MeSH
• Varicose Veins epidemiology   genetics   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia epidemiology   MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 MeSH
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 MeSH
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 MeSH
• Matrix Metalloproteinases MeSH
• MMP2 protein, human MeSH Browser
• MMP8 protein, human MeSH Browser
• MMP9 protein, human MeSH Browser
• TIMP2 protein, human MeSH Browser
• Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 MeSH