Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is commonly used during C-section delivery and in Group B Streptococcus-positive women before vaginal delivery. Here, we primarily aimed to investigate the effect of IAP on the neonatal oral and fecal bacteriomes in the first week of life. In this preliminary study, maternal and neonatal oral swabs and neonatal fecal (meconium and transitional stool) swabs were selected from a pool of samples from healthy mother-neonate pairs participating in the pilot phase of CELSPAC: TNG during their hospital stay. The DNA was extracted and bacteriome profiles were determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (Illumina). In the final dataset, 33 mother-neonate pairs were exposed to antibiotics during C-section or vaginal delivery (cases; +IAP) and the vaginal delivery without IAP (controls, -IAP) took place in 33 mother-neonate pairs. Differences in alpha diversity (Shannon index, p=0.01) and bacterial composition (PERMANOVA, p<0.05) between the +IAP and -IAP groups were detected only in neonatal oral samples collected ≤48 h after birth. No significant differences between meconium bacteriomes of the +IAP and -IAP groups were observed (p>0.05). However, the IAP was associated with decreased alpha diversity (number of amplicon sequence variants, p<0.001), decreased relative abundances of the genera Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, and increased relative abundances of genera Enterococcus and Rothia (q<0.01 for all of them) in transitional stool samples. The findings of this study suggest that exposure to IAP may significantly influence the early development of the neonatal oral and gut microbiomes. IAP affected the neonatal oral bacteriome in the first two days after birth as well as the neonatal fecal bacteriome in transitional stool samples. In addition, it highlights the necessity for further investigation into the potential long-term health impacts on children.

• Klíčová slova
• 16S rRNA, Antibiotics, Diversity, Infant, Microbiome, Mother, Next-generation sequencing,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• antibiotická profylaxe * metody   MeSH
• Bacteria genetika   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• císařský řez MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• feces * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mekonium mikrobiologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra účinky léků   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ústa * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vedení porodu MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky * MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH