BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis remains a global health concern, with rising pediatric and adolescent cases. The advancement of diagnostic strategies is crucial for effective control, with whole-genome sequencing emerging as a promising tool. This study explores using whole-genome sequencing in pediatric Tuberculosis. METHODS: Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from pediatric patients and their contacts were collected between January 2023 and June 2024 in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The isolates were subjected to WGS to characterize the resistance patterns and transmission. RESULTS: The study included 37 patients in total-30 pediatric cases and 7 adult index cases-with a single M. tuberculosis isolate collected per patient. The phylogenetic analysis results revealed that 32 out of 37 (86.5%) isolates belonged to the Euro-American lineage. Five isolates (13.5%) belonged to the East-Asian lineage. Genotypic resistance to at least one drug was confirmed in 6 patients (16%). 24 patients were divided into 9 clusters (65%), leaving 13 unclustered (35%). Moreover, the concordance between the identification of source case by WGS and epidemiological anamnesis was confirmed in 60% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Epidemiological data may not always provide accurate insights into the transmission of TB. Consequently, integrating molecular methods, such as WGS, is essential to enhance the reliability and precision of epidemiological analyses.

• Klíčová slova
• Drug resistance, Pediatric patients, tuberculosis, Transmission chains, Whole-genome sequencing,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis * genetika   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   účinky léků   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• sekvenování celého genomu MeSH
• tuberkulóza * přenos   epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH

Russia's invasion and war in Ukraine have caused a major humanitarian crisis among Ukrainian citizens, but also specifically affected diagnosis and provision of HIV care. As Ukraine remains the country with the second highest (after Russia) HIV incidence in Europe, the forced migration resulting from the war has required urgent and targeted responses to allow for uninterrupted access to medical care and antiretroviral drug supply in neighboring countries and beyond. Response and integration of people with HIV (PWH) has been swift across European countries, but several challenges remain. Key challenges relate to the expansion of unstigmatized HIV testing to tackle late diagnoses, development of legal frameworks allowing for access to medication not registered or under patent protection in other European countries, diagnosis and treatment of key comorbidities including tuberculosis (TB) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), vaccination programs, and continued surveillance for drug resistance and changes in molecular epidemiology.

• MeSH
• antiretrovirové látky terapeutické užití   zásobování a distribuce   MeSH
• dostupnost zdravotnických služeb * MeSH
• HIV infekce * farmakoterapie   diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osoby s přechodným pobytem a migranti * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ozbrojené konflikty MeSH
• poskytování zdravotní péče * organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Ukrajina epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiretrovirové látky MeSH