Crk-associated substrate (CAS) is a major tyrosine-phosphorylated protein in cells transformed by v-crk and v-src oncogenes and plays an important role in invasiveness of Src-transformed cells. A novel phosphorylation site on CAS, Tyr-12 (Y12) within the ligand-binding hydrophobic pocket of the CAS SH3 domain, was identified and found to be enriched in Src-transformed cells and invasive human carcinoma cells. To study the biological significance of CAS Y12 phosphorylation, phosphomimicking Y12E and nonphosphorylatable Y12F mutants of CAS were studied. The phosphomimicking mutation decreased interaction of the CAS SH3 domain with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and PTP-PEST and reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK. Live-cell imaging showed that green fluorescent protein-tagged CAS Y12E mutant is, in contrast to wild-type or Y12F CAS, excluded from focal adhesions but retains its localization to podosome-type adhesions. Expression of CAS-Y12F in cas-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts resulted in hyperphosphorylation of the CAS substrate domain, and this was associated with slower turnover of focal adhesions and decreased cell migration. Moreover, expression of CAS Y12F in Src-transformed cells greatly decreased invasiveness when compared to wild-type CAS expression. These findings reveal an important role of CAS Y12 phosphorylation in the regulation of focal adhesion assembly, cell migration, and invasiveness of Src-transformed cells.

• MeSH
• Focal Adhesions metabolism   MeSH
• Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases metabolism   MeSH
• Phosphorylation MeSH
• Neoplasm Invasiveness MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Cell Adhesion Molecules metabolism   MeSH
• Mutation MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Cell Transformation, Neoplastic MeSH
• Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
• Cell Movement MeSH
• Signal Transduction MeSH
• src Homology Domains MeSH
• Crk-Associated Substrate Protein chemistry   genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Cell Line, Transformed MeSH
• Tyrosine metabolism   MeSH
• Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12 metabolism   MeSH
• Green Fluorescent Proteins metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Mice MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases MeSH
• Cell Adhesion Molecules MeSH
• PTPN12 protein, human MeSH Browser
• Crk-Associated Substrate Protein MeSH
• Tyrosine MeSH
• Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12 MeSH
• Green Fluorescent Proteins MeSH

Fast intracellular motion (FIM) was first revealed by back scattered light (BSL) imaging in video rate confocal scanning laser microscopy (VRCSLM), beyond the limits of spatial and temporal resolution obtainable with conventional optical microscopy. BSL imaging enabled visualisation of intra and extracellular motion with resolution in space down to 0.2 microm and in time to 1/25th of a second. Mapping the cell space at 0.2 microm x 0.2 microm (XY = in instantaneous best focal plane) x 0.5 microm (Z = height/depth, optic axis direction) volume steps revealed a communication layer above the known contact layer and an integrated dynamic spatial network (IDSN) towards the cell centre. FIM was originally observed as localised quasichaotic dancing (dithering) or reflecting patches/spots in the cell centre, faster in the darker nuclear space. Later, a second type of FIM was recognised which differed by the presence of a varied proportion of centrifugal and centripetal directional movements and/or jumping of patches/spots in the cell centre and outside the nuclear space. The first type is characteristic for cells in slightly adverse conditions while the second type has so far only been found in eutrophic cells. Temporal speeding up and coarsening of FIM, followed by slowing and eventually cessation at cell death, was found on exposure to strong stressors. It was concluded that the state of FIM provides instantaneous information about individual cell reactions to actual treatment and about cell survival. A putative switch between the first and second type FIM could be considered as an indicator of timing of cellular processes. The significance of FIM for the biology of the cell is seen in the rapid assessment of the condition of an individual live cell investigated by combination of various methods. Requirements for further development of this approach are outlined.

• MeSH
• Video Recording MeSH
• Cell Line MeSH
• Cell Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
• Intracellular Fluid * MeSH
• Microscopy, Confocal methods   MeSH
• Motion MeSH
• Scattering, Radiation MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH