Tularemia is a bacterial disease of humans, wild, and domestic animals. Francisella tularensis, which is a Gram-negative coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, is the causative agent of tularemia. Recently, an increase in the number of human tularemia cases has been noticed in several countries around the world. It has been reported mostly from North America, several Scandinavian countries, and certain Asian countries. The disease spreads through vectors such as mosquitoes, horseflies, deer flies, and ticks. Humans can acquire the disease through direct contact of sick animals, consumption of infected animals, drinking or direct contact of contaminated water, and inhalation of bacteria-loaded aerosols. Low infectious dose, aerosol route of infection, and its ability to induce fatal disease make it a potential agent of biological warfare. Tularemia leads to several clinical forms, such as glandular, ulceroglandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, respiratory, and typhoidal forms. The disease is diagnosed through the use of culture, serology, or molecular methods. Quinolones, tetracyclines, or aminoglycosides are frequently used in the treatment of tularemia. No licensed vaccine is available in the prophylaxis of tularemia and this is need of the time and high-priority research area. This review mostly focuses on general features, importance, current status, and preventive measures of this disease.

• Keywords
• Francisella tularensis, Tularemia, Vector-borne infection,
• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Biological Warfare Agents MeSH
• Francisella tularensis isolation & purification   pathogenicity   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Tick-Borne Diseases drug therapy   epidemiology   microbiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Communicable Diseases, Emerging drug therapy   epidemiology   microbiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Disease Transmission, Infectious prevention & control   MeSH
• Tularemia drug therapy   epidemiology   microbiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Anti-Bacterial Agents MeSH
• Biological Warfare Agents MeSH