BACKGROUND: Definitions are essential for effective communication and discourse, particularly in science. They allow the shared understanding of a thought or idea, generalization of knowledge, and comparison across scientific investigation. The current terms describing olfactory dysfunction are vague and overlapping. SUMMARY: As a group of clinical olfactory researchers, we propose the standardization of the terms "dysosmia," "anosmia," "hyposmia," "normosmia," "hyperosmia," "olfactory intolerance," "parosmia," and "phantosmia" (or "olfactory hallucination") in olfaction-related communication, with specific definitions in this text. KEY MESSAGES: The words included in this paper were determined as those which are most frequently used in the context of olfactory function and dysfunction, in both clinical and research settings. Despite widespread use in publications, however, there still exists some disagreement in the literature regarding the definitions of terms related to olfaction. Multiple overlapping and imprecise terms that are currently in use are confusing and hinder clarity and universal understanding of these concepts. There is a pressing need to have a unified agreement on the definitions of these olfactory terms by researchers working in the field of chemosensory sciences. With the increased interest in olfaction, precise use of these terms will improve the ability to integrate and advance knowledge in this field.

• Klíčová slova
• Anosmia, Definition, Dysosmia, Hyperosmia, Hyposmia, Normosmia, Olfaction, Olfactory hallucination, Olfactory intolerance, Parosmia, Phantosmia,
• MeSH
• anosmie MeSH
• čich * MeSH
• halucinace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy čichu * diagnóza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of laser-assisted uvuloplasty (LAUP) in terms of effect on snoring and side effects. The case report study is based on the analysis of questionnaires with a visual analog scale (VAS) describing the severity of snoring before and 6-26 months after operation and questions regarding postoperative course. The group of patients consisted of 73 patients with primary rhonchopathy. The average preoperative VAS score was 8.36; it decreased to an average of 3.98 postoperatively (p = 0.001). No improvement was reported by 12% of patients, improvement of 4 and more of the VAS scale was reported by 67% of patients. The majority (58%) of patients reported postoperative pain for up to 10 days. Bothersome sensations persisted in 15% of patients. No predictive factors for the success of treatment were found. LAUP diminished snoring in 88% of patients. A major drawback was the postoperative pain. Further studies looking for predictive factors are needed.

• MeSH
• chrápání epidemiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• laserová terapie metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obstrukční spánková apnoe epidemiologie   MeSH
• pooperační bolest epidemiologie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace * MeSH
• poruchy nadměrné spavosti diagnóza   epidemiologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• uvula palatina chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

An impressive variety of regulatory processes including cell adhesion and migration, proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation folding and routing of glycoproteins have been found to be mediated by specific lectin-carbohydrate interactions. This article summarizes the data on glycobiological aspects of differentiation of squamous epithelia in the head and neck region under physiological conditions and in cancer. The possible function of lectins in tumor development and invasiveness is debated. Introduction of labeled endogenous lectins as a tool for the study of functional glycomics at the cellular level in head and neck squamous epithelia and carcinomas enables a complex interpretation of studied data because these lectins are normally occurring in these tissues. The lectinology of Langerhans cells in head and neck squamous epithelia and carcinoma is also mentioned. Finally, the use of the described data in the diagnosis and prospectively in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is shown.

• MeSH
• bazocelulární karcinom metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• buněčná adheze MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• galektiny metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina N-acetylneuraminová metabolismus   MeSH
• Langerhansovy buňky metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lektiny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolismus sacharidů * MeSH
• mezibuněčná komunikace MeSH
• nádory hlavy a krku metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny metabolismus   MeSH
• spinocelulární karcinom metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dolichos biflorus agglutinin MeSH Prohlížeč
• galektiny MeSH
• kyselina N-acetylneuraminová MeSH
• lektiny MeSH
• rostlinné lektiny MeSH

Distant metastases related to lip carcinomas occur very exceptionally (0.5-2%) and can be expected in cases of advanced tumors with advanced regional disease. Distant metastases from oral cavity carcinomas vary over a broad interval (8-17%) and depend also on the stage of disease. The knowledge of the presence of distant metastases is vital for the planning of further treatment. From a clinical point of view, patients with lip and oral cavity can be divided into a group where the risk of distant metastases is low, and into a high-risk one. In low-risk group patients (stages I, II and III) the risk of the incidence of distant metastases is 3%, and the diagnostic approach should consist of an X-ray of the lungs and liver tests. Further examinations are necessary if there are symptoms suggesting the presence of distant metastases or previous examinations are abnormal. The high-risk group (stage IV) and all patients with locoregional relapse have a risk of distant metastases of approximately 10% and the best treatment consists of a positron emission tomography (PET) scan. If a PET scanner is not available it is recommended to run a computed tomography scan of the lungs and liver tests. If any clinical investigation is abnormal further tests are necessary.

• MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfatické metastázy MeSH
• metastázy nádorů MeSH
• nádory jater mortalita   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory kostí mortalita   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory ledvin mortalita   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory mozku mortalita   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory plic mortalita   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory rtu epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• nádory srdce mortalita   sekundární   MeSH
• nádory úst epidemiologie   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The present paper deals with rather rare burn injuries of the tympanic membrane and middle ear. Literary resources of this topic are scarce. On 36 thermal injuries of the ear, the conservative treatment results have been evaluated from the anatomical and functional points of view. The discussion is aimed at the mechanisms of injury, pathogenesis and results of treatment of middle ear burns. Importance of prevention is emphasized.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• hutnictví MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membrana tympani zranění   MeSH
• popálení komplikace   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• poruchy sluchu etiologie   MeSH
• pracovní nehody MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• střední ucho zranění   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH