In the context of T-cell replete haploidentical stem cell transplantation (Haplo-SCT) using post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy), it is still unknown whether peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM) is the best graft source. While PB is associated with a higher incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), it may induce a stronger graft-versus-leukemia effect compared to BM, notably in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). From the EBMT registry database, we compared T-cell replete PB (n = 595) versus BM (n = 209) grafts in a large cohort of 804 patients over the age of 60 years who underwent Haplo-SCT with PT-Cy for an AML in first or second complete remission. The risk of acute GVHD was significantly higher in the PB group (Grade II-IV: HR = 1.67, 95% CI [1.10-2.54], p = 0.01; Grade III-IV: HR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.16-4.54], p = 0.02). No significant difference was observed in chronic GVHD or non-relapse mortality. In the PB group, the risk of relapse was significantly lower in the PB group (HR = 0.65, 95% CI [0.45-0.94], p = 0.02) and leukemia-free survival was significantly better (HR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.59-0.99], p = 0.04), with a trend toward better overall survival (HR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.60-1.01], p = 0.06). We conclude that in the specific context of Haplo-SCT with PT-Cy, PB grafts represent a valid option to decrease the risk of relapse and improve outcome of older AML patients who usually do not benefit from conditioning intensification.

• MeSH
• akutní myeloidní leukemie * terapie   mortalita   MeSH
• cyklofosfamid aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• haploidentická transplantace metody   MeSH
• indukce remise * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli * etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• patologická kompletní odpověď MeSH
• příprava pacienta k transplantaci * metody   MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace kostní dřeně * metody   MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cyklofosfamid MeSH

In this registry-based study which includes acute myeloid leukemia patients who underwent a matched unrelated donor allogeneic peripheral-blood stem cell transplantation in complete remission and received post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis, we compared 421 recipients without anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) with 151 patients with ATG. The only significant differences between PTCY and PTCY + ATG cohorts were the median year of transplant and the follow-up period (2017 vs 2015 and 19.6 vs 31.1 months, respectively, p < 0.0001). Overall, 2-year survival was 69.9% vs 67.1% in PTCY and PTCY + ATG, respectively, with deaths related to relapse (39% vs 43.5%), infection (21.9% vs 23.9%) or GvHD (17.1% vs 17.4%) not differing between groups. On univariate comparison, a significantly lower rate of extensive chronic GvHD was found when ATG was added (9.9% vs 21%, p = 0.029), a finding which was not confirmed in the multivariate analysis. The Cox-model showed no difference between PTCY + ATG and PTCY alone with respect to acute and chronic GvHD of all grades, non-relapse mortality, relapse, leukemia-free survival, overall survival, and GvHD-free-relapse-free survival between study cohorts. Our results highlight that the addition of ATG in PTCY does not provide any extra benefit in terms of further GvHD reduction, better GRFS or better survival.

• MeSH
• akutní myeloidní leukemie * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• antilymfocytární sérum terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cyklofosfamid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli * MeSH
• nepříbuzný dárce MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * metody   MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk * metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antilymfocytární sérum MeSH
• cyklofosfamid MeSH

Unmanipulated haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis (haplo-PTCY) and unrelated double-unit umbilical cord blood transplantation (dUCBT) are feasible options for treating patients with high-risk acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). This study compared outcomes after dUCBT and haplo-HCT using peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) in adult patients with AML in complete remission (CR) who underwent transplantation in European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT)-affiliated centers. In a population of adults with de novo AML in first or second CR, we compared outcomes after dUCBT (n = 165) and after haplo-PTCY PBSC (n = 544) performed between January 2013 and December 2018. Patients receiving in vivo antithymocyte globulin, Campath, or ex vivo T cell depletion were excluded. The median follow-up was 33 months for the haplo-PTCY arm and 52 months for the dUCBT arm. No statistically significant differences were observed between the 2 arms in the rates of grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; P = .18), grade III-IV acute GVHD (HR, 1.17; P = .56), chronic GVHD (HR, .86; P = .48), relapse (HR, 1.07; P = .77), nonrelapse mortality (NRM) (HR, .94; P = .77), leukemia-free survival (LFS) (HR, .99; P = .95), or overall survival (OS) (HR, .99; P = .97). Favorable cytogenetic risk was the sole factor predictive of lower relapse incidence (RI). Younger age at transplantation was associated with lower NRM and higher LFS and OS. Both dUCBT and haplo-PTCY with PBSCs can be considered valid approaches for adult AML patients in CR. New strategies should be investigated in both settings to define the most appropriate conditioning regimen and potentially decrease RI and NRM through better immune reconstitution and optimal supportive care.

• Klíčová slova
• Acute myelogenous leukemia, Double cord blood transplantation, Haploidentical transplant, Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide,
• MeSH
• akutní myeloidní leukemie * terapie   MeSH
• akutní nemoc MeSH
• alemtuzumab MeSH
• antilymfocytární sérum MeSH
• cyklofosfamid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fetální krev MeSH
• kostní dřeň MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• alemtuzumab MeSH
• antilymfocytární sérum MeSH
• cyklofosfamid MeSH

The best stem cell source for T-cell replete human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) remains to be determined. In this European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation retrospective study, we analyzed the impact of stem cell source on leukemia-free survival (LFS) in adult patients with primary refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) given grafts from HLA-haploidentical donors with PTCy as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. A total of 668 patients (249 bone marrow [BM] and 419 peripheral blood stem cells [PBSC] recipients) met the inclusion criteria. The use of PBSC was associated with a higher incidence of grade II-IV (HR = 1.59, p = .029) and grade III-IV (HR = 2.08, p = .013) acute GVHD. There was a statistical interaction between patient age and the impact of stem cell source for LFS (p < .01). In multivariate Cox models, among patients <55 years, the use of PBSC versus BM resulted in comparable LFS (HR = 0.82, p = .2). In contrast, in patients ≥55 years of age, the use of PBSC versus BM was associated with higher non-relapse mortality (NRM) (HR = 1.7, p = .01), lower LFS (HR = 1.37, p = .026) and lower overall survival (HR = 1.33, p = .044). In conclusions, our data suggest that in patients ≥55 years of age with active AML at HLA-haploidentical transplantation, the use of BM instead of PBSC as stem cell source results in lower NRM and better LFS. In contrast among younger patients, the use of PBSC results in at least a comparable LFS.

• MeSH
• akutní myeloidní leukemie * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• cyklofosfamid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• haploidentická transplantace škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• HLA antigeny genetika   MeSH
• kmenové buňky z periferní krve * MeSH
• kostní dřeň MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli * etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• příprava pacienta k transplantaci metody   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• transplantace kostní dřeně škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cyklofosfamid MeSH
• HLA antigeny MeSH

Cryopreserved haematopoietic progenitor cells are used to restore autologous haematopoiesis after high dose chemotherapy. Although the cells are routinely stored for a long period, concerns remain about the maximum storage time and the possible negative effect of storage on their potency. We evaluated the effect of cryopreservation on the quality of peripheral stem cell grafts stored for a short (3 months) and a long (10 years) period and we compared it to native products.The viability of CD34+ cells remained unaffected during storage, the apoptotic cells were represented up to 10% and did not differ between groups. The clonogenic activity measured by ATP production has decreased with the length of storage (ATP/cell 1.28 nM in native vs. 0.63 in long term stored products, P < 0.05). Only borderline changes without statistical significance were detected when examining mitochondrial and aldehyde dehydrogenase metabolic activity and intracellular pH, showing their good preservation during cell storage. Our experience demonstrates that cryostorage has no major negative effect on stem cell quality and potency, and therefore autologous stem cells can be stored safely for an extended period of at least 10 years. On the other hand, long term storage for 10 years and longer may lead to mild reduction of clonogenic capacity. When a sufficient dose of stem cells is infused, these changes will not have a clinical impact. However, in products stored beyond 10 years, especially when a low number of CD34+ cells is available, the quality of stem cell graft should be verified before infusion using the appropriate potency assays.

• Klíčová slova
• ALDH, cryopreservation, haematopoietic stem cell, mitochondrial activity, pH, potency, storage, viability,
• MeSH
• hematopoetické kmenové buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• kmenové buňky z periferní krve metabolismus   MeSH
• kryoprezervace metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Eligibility criteria for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) vary according to disease characteristics, response to treatment, and type of available donor. As the risk profile of the patient worsens, a wider degree of HLA mismatching is considered acceptable. A total of 138 children and adolescents who underwent HSCT from HLA-identical sibling donors (MSDs) and 210 who underwent HSCT from matched donors (MDs) (median age, 9 years; 68% male) in 10 countries were enrolled in the International-BFM ALL SCT 2007 prospective study to assess the impact of donor type in HSCT for pediatric ALL. The 4-year event-free survival (65 ± 5% vs 61 ± 4%; P = .287), overall survival (72 ± 4% versus 68 ± 4%; P = .235), cumulative incidence of relapse (24 ± 4% versus 25 ± 3%; P = .658) and nonrelapse mortality (10 ± 3% versus 14 ± 3%; P = .212) were not significantly different between MSD and MD graft recipients. The risk of extensive chronic (cGVHD) was lower in MD graft recipients than in MSD graft recipients (hazard ratio [HR], .38; P = .002), and the risks of severe acute GVHD (aGVHD) and cGVHD were higher in peripheral blood stem cell graft recipients than in bone marrow graft recipients (HR, 2.06; P = .026). Compared with the absence of aGVHD, grade I-II aGVHD was associated with a lower risk of graft failure (HR, .63; P = .042) and grade III-IV aGVHD was associated with a higher risk of graft failure (HR, 1.85; P = .020) and nonleukemic death (HR, 8.76; P < .0001), despite a lower risk of relapse (HR, .32; P = .021). Compared with the absence of cGVHD, extensive cGVHD was associated with a higher risk of nonleukemic death (HR, 8.12; P < .0001). Because the outcomes of transplantation from a matched donor were not inferior to those of transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling, eligibility criteria for transplantation might be reviewed in pediatric ALL and possibly in other malignancies as well. Bone marrow should be the preferred stem cell source, and the addition of MTX should be considered in MSD graft recipients.

• Klíčová slova
• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Chronic graft-versus-host disease, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Pediatric, Transplantation-related mortality,
• MeSH
• akutní lymfatická leukemie * mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• alografty MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• HLA antigeny * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli etiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• nepříbuzný dárce * MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• sourozenci * MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• HLA antigeny * MeSH

This analysis included 56 myelofibrosis (MF) patients transplanted from family mismatched donor between 2009 and 2015 enrolled in the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation database. The median age was 57years (range, 38 to 72); 75% had primary MF and 25% had secondary MF. JAK2 V617F was mutated in 61%. Donors were HLA mismatched at 2 or more loci. Stem cells were sourced from bone marrow in 66% and peripheral blood in 34%. The median CD34+ cell dose was 4.8 × 106/kg (range, 1.7 to 22.9; n = 43). Conditioning was predominantly myeloablative in 70% and reduced intensity in the remainder. Regimens were heterogeneous with thiotepa, busulfan, fludarabine, and post-transplant cyclophosphamide used in 59%. The incidence of neutrophil engraftment by 28days was 82% (range, 70% to 93%), at a median of 21days (range, 19 to 23). At 2years the cumulative incidence of primary graft failure was 9% (95% CI 1% to 16%) and secondary graft failure was 13% (95% CI 4% to 22%). The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grades II to IV and III to IV was 28% (95% CI 16% to 40%) and 9% (95% CI 2% to 17%) at 100days. The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD at 1 year was 45% (95% CI 32% to 58%), but the cumulative incidence of death without chronic GVHD by 1 year was 20% (95% CI 10% to 31%). With a median follow-up of 32 months, the 1- and 2-year overall survival was 61% (95% CI 48% to 74%) and 56% (95% CI 41% to 70%), respectively. The 1- and 2- year progression-free survival was 58% (95% CI 45% to 71%) and 43% (95% CI 28% to 58%), respectively, with a 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse of 19% (95% CI 7% to 31%). The 2-year nonrelapse mortality was 38% (95% CI 24% to 51%). This retrospective study of MF allo-SCT using family mismatched donors demonstrated feasibility of the approach, timely neutrophil engraftment in over 80% of cases, and acceptable overall and progression-free survival rates with relapse rates not dissimilar to the unrelated donor setting. However, strategies to minimize the risk of graft failure and the relatively high nonrelapse mortality need to be used, ideally in a multicenter prospective fashion.

• Klíčová slova
• Haploidentical, Mismatched related donor, Myelofibrosis,
• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• databáze faktografické MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• histokompatibilita * MeSH
• homologní transplantace MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoc štěpu proti hostiteli MeSH
• přežívání štěpu MeSH
• primární myelofibróza mortalita   terapie   MeSH
• příprava pacienta k transplantaci MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rodina * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• společnosti lékařské MeSH
• transplantace hematopoetických kmenových buněk metody   MeSH
• transplantace kostní dřeně statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) to rescue hematopoiesis is considered standard care for patients with a relapsed chemosensitive lymphoma, but diagnosis of lymphoma has been a risk factor for poor mobilization in several studies. The aim of this prospective noninterventional clinical audit was to review the mobilization strategies used by EBMT centers in relapsed lymphoma and to evaluate their efficacy. Between 2010 and 2014, 275 patients with relapsed lymphoma from 30 EBMT centers were prospectively registered. Almost all patients were mobilized with chemotherapy plus G-CSF (96%), but there was a large variation in chemotherapy schedules. Thirty (11%) of them were poor mobilizers (<2 × 106 CD 34+ cells/kg body weight) at the first mobilization. Poor mobilization was not associated with gender, age, bone marrow involvement at diagnosis, primary diagnosis, number of previous chemotherapy lines, previous radiotherapy or mobilization with G-CSF alone. The use of high dose cyclophosphamide alone was associated with mobilization failure (P = 0.0006), whereas the use of a platinum-containing regimen was associated with a good mobilization outcome (P = 0.013). Because failure rate is low, we can conclude from this study that PBSC mobilization failure in relapsed lymphomas is not an important problem in the EBMT centers.

• Klíčová slova
• relapsed lymphomas, stem cell mobilization,
• MeSH
• autologní transplantace MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• klinický audit MeSH
• kmenové buňky z periferní krve patologie   MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfom krev   farmakoterapie   terapie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mobilizace hematopoetických kmenových buněk metody   MeSH
• neúspěšná terapie MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinická studie MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

• MeSH
• akutní myeloidní leukemie terapie   MeSH
• cytarabin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• daunomycin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• indukční chemoterapie metody   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• testování histokompatibility * MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytarabin MeSH
• daunomycin MeSH

Immune reconstitution after high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation plays a key role in restoring immunocompetence including defense against infection, immune regulation, and onco-immune surveillance. In this work, we examined the recovery of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, recently discovered innate-like T cells, after various types of myeloablative chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in 29 patients. We show that MAIT cells are relatively resistant to myeloablative conditioning. The median amount of MAIT cells rises to 43 % around day +30 and is sustained through further measurements on days +60 and +100. Moreover, MAIT cell recovery reaches 100 % of pre-treatment values in 33 % of patients already by day +60. The only factor affecting recovery of MAIT cells is age, younger age being associated with earlier MAIT cell recovery. The pre-treatment quantity of MAIT cells carries a prognostic impact on the early post-transplantation course. Patients with high levels of MAIT cells pre-treatment have significantly lower peak CRP levels (79.45 vs. 150 mg/L) post-treatment, reflecting a clinical trend of less severe infectious complications (less febrile days and less days on intravenous antibiotics). Altogether these data suggest that a high proportion of MAIT cells survive myeloablative chemotherapy and maintain their capacity to fight against infections probably on mucosal surfaces.

• Klíčová slova
• Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, Complications, MAIT cells, Myeloablative chemotherapy, Recovery,
• MeSH
• autologní transplantace metody   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein metabolismus   MeSH
• cytarabin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• hematologické nádory krev   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• karmustin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• MAIT buňky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• melfalan aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• myeloablativní agonisté aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• podofylotoxin aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• příprava pacienta k transplantaci metody   MeSH
• protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• transplantace periferních kmenových buněk metody   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH
• cytarabin MeSH
• karmustin MeSH
• melfalan MeSH
• myeloablativní agonisté MeSH
• podofylotoxin MeSH