AIM: The sperm activation method is a modern methodological approach that is used more and more often in practice. The number of studies focused on methods of artificial activation of human sperm motility are constantly increasing. Standard sperm selection methods can fail in some cases, among other things, because very young sperm are isolated that have not yet completed their development. In these cases, artificial stimulation of their movement can have a positive effect and greatly facilitate and faster the process of selecting suitable sperm. Methylxanthines are most often used as activating agents. However, opinions on the safety of using these substances on sperm are not uniform. The aim of the thesis is to present current knowledge about artificial activation of sperm motility for in vitro fertilization and subsequent embryonic development. METHODOLOGY: Research of relevant literature in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The literature analysis shows that this method is safe and effective in the selection of immotile spermatozoa. Scientific studies have been conducted to verify the safety and reliability of this method. The conclusion of these studies is the positive impact of this method of selection, especially in cases of sperm obtained from testicular tissue after method testicular sperm extraction. In these cases, the method of artificial sperm activation facilitated and accelerated the selection of sperm before intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Undamaged spermatozoa, which are immobile due to incomplete maturation, were activated.

• Klíčová slova
• In vitro fertilization, in vitro fertilization, motility, spermatozoa, theophylline,
• MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• motilita spermií * MeSH
• spermie fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Currently, there is a rapid increase in studies on assisted oocyte activation, which can significantly improve the process of in vitro fertilization. Fertilization of oocytes by conventional methods and by intracytoplasmic sperm injection can be affected by insufficient activation of the oocyte. The reason is mainly deviations in the enzymatic equipment of sperm or oocytes or a non-functional activation cascade. In many cases, fertilization can be achieved using artificial oocyte activation by applying calcium ion donors to the oocytes after sperm microinjection. However, opinions on the safety and reliability of this method are not uniform. The aim of the thesis is to present current knowledge about assisted oocyte activation and its impact not only on in vitro fertilization, but also on subsequent embryonic and fetal development. METHODOLOGY: Research of relevant literature in Web of Science, PubMed/Medline and Scopus databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Based on the literature data and the authors' own experience, it follows that this method is effective and safe from the point of view of further development of the embryo, fetus and postnatal development. Extensive meta-analyses focused on this method were carried out, which did not find a negative impact not only on the embryonic and fetal development of the individual, but this method did not have associated with a negative impact on the psychosomatic development of the children.

• Klíčová slova
• embryo, in vitro fertilization, oocyte, spermatozoa,
• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• sperma * MeSH
• spermie fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIMS: The aim of this research was to set up an in vitro system to trans-differentiate haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into embryo-like stem cells in order to de-differentiate them. In this more naive state they should be cultivated more easily in order to augment them for consecutive differentiation and autologous transplantation for use in clinical practice. METHODS: Using the principle of the methodology of blastocyst injection, HSCs were co-cultivated with mouse embryonic stem cells (mES) with and without cell to cell contact. After co-cultivation HSCs were analyzed by flow-cytometry using haematopoietic markers (CD34, CD45, CD133) and embryonic stem cell markers (SSEA-4, Tra-1-60, Tra-1-81). RESULTS: No ES cell markers were detected on the former HSCs. A decrease in HSC marker intensity was the only finding. This implies that no de-differentiation took place. CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesize that the unnatural situation of a mixture of two cell types originating in different species may have led to this outcome. To achieve our goal of in vitro de-differentiation we need to use a purely human culture system without animal additives.

• MeSH
• dospělé kmenové buňky cytologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• embryonální kmenové buňky cytologie   MeSH
• hematopoetické kmenové buňky cytologie   MeSH
• kokultivační techniky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• transdiferenciace buněk * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH