OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the associations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with markers of systemic inflammation in midlife by race and gender. DESIGN: Data were obtained from the Survey of Midlife in the United States, a cross-sectional, observational study of Americans 35 years old or older (White men: N = 410; White women: N = 490; Black men: N = 58; Black women: N = 117). Inflammation was measured by concentrations of fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) in fasting plasma and concentrations of E-selectin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in fasting serum. Anthropometric data were used to obtain BMI and WC. Socio-demographic and health-related factors were assessed with a survey. Multivariate models by race and gender were estimated to test the roles of BMI and WC for each inflammation marker. RESULTS: Compared to White men, Black women have higher BMI and higher levels of all four inflammation markers; White women have lower BMI, lower WC, and lower E-selectin and fibrinogen but higher CRP; and Black men have higher fibrinogen. After adjusting for socio-demographic and health-related covariates as well as perceived discrimination, WC is associated with all four markers of inflammation among White men and women; with three markers (fibrinogen, CRP, and IL-6) of inflammation among Black women; and with CRP (and marginally with fibrinogen and E-selectin) among Black men. BMI is associated with higher CRP and fibrinogen among Black men (marginally so for White men) but not for women of either race. CONCLUSIONS: WC shows more consistent associations with inflammation markers than BMI, although the relationships vary by inflammation marker and population group. Our findings suggest that WC is a risk factor for systemic inflammation among White and Black men and women, and BMI is an additional risk factor for Black men.

• Klíčová slova
• Inflammation, body mass index, gender, race/ethnicity, waist circumference,
• MeSH
• běloši statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein biosyntéza   MeSH
• černoši nebo Afroameričané statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• E-selektin biosyntéza   MeSH
• fibrinogen biosyntéza   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• interleukin-6 biosyntéza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mediátory zánětu MeSH
• obvod pasu * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
• zánět etnologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Spojené státy americké MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH
• E-selektin MeSH
• fibrinogen MeSH
• interleukin-6 MeSH
• mediátory zánětu MeSH

BACKGROUND: Obesity-induced metabolic syndrome is a multiple risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and type 2 diabetes, and ethnic minorities seem to have unfavourable medical risk factors in general more frequently than majority populations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in relation to metabolic syndrome in the Roma population compared with the non-Roma population residing in the eastern part of Slovakia. RESULTS: 123 Roma and 79 non-Roma patients with metabolic syndrome were evaluated. Men between 40-55 years of age had 4.76-times higher odds and women 5.26-times higher odds for metabolic sydrome compared with the younger population. We found statistically significant higher waist circumference in the Roma subpopulation and higher body mass index as well, although in selected population with metabolic syndrome. HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in both Roma men and women, and LDL cholesterol was not significant in men and women with metabolic syndrome. Triglycerides levels were significantly higher in non-Roma women only. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) values were not in correlation with age but were associated with the increasing number of fulfilled criteria for metabolic syndrome in both subgroups (Roma, non-Roma), independently of gender. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed higher prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and other CV risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome among younger Roma population, which may be associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality among elderly Roma compared with non-Roma.

• MeSH
• charakteristiky bydlení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dyslipidemie etnologie   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci etnologie   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom etnologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Romové etnologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
• věkové rozložení MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zánět etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH

BACKGROUND: Elevated gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) is present approximately in half of all patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed to explore the relationship between GGT and MS or proinflammatory parameters. METHODS: Data from the cross-sectional HepaMeta study conducted in Slovakia in 2011 among Roma living in rural communities were used. Participants (n = 446) were divided into 2 groups; those with elevated GGT and those with normal GGT levels. MS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria; presence of central obesity and low density lipoproteins (LDL) or high density lipoproteins (HDL), high triglycerides, hypertension, glucose intolerance or type 2 diabetes. Participants were tested for the presence of MS and its components, and biochemical tests for lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, TG) and inflammatory parameters (high sensitivity C-reactive protein--hs-CRP and ferritin) were performed. RESULTS: Of 446 Roma participants, only 29 (6.5%) had GGT levels above the normal value. After exclusion of patients with viral hepatitis and alcohol abuse, patients with elevated GGT suffered from MS more often (p < 0.001), and patients with more MS components had a higher risk of elevated GGT. We found a significant association between GGT and the individual MS components, except HDL (waist circumference > or = 94 cm in men or 80 cm in women: p < 0.01; BMI > 30: p < 0.001; fasting glucose > or = 5.6 mmol/l: p < 0.001; arterial hypertension: p < 0.05, and TAG > or = 1.7 mmol/l: p < 0.001). Patients with elevated GGT levels had also significantly higher hs-CRP (hs-CRP > 2 mg/l: p < 0.001; hs-CRP > 3 mg/l: p < 0.001) and ferritin (ferritin > 300 mg/l: p < 0.01) levels. CONCLUSION: Patients with MS have more significantly elevated levels of GGT. There is a significant association of GGT with individual MS components, except HDL and inflammatory parameters (hs-CRP, ferritin).

• MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH
• dieta etnologie   metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ferritiny krev   MeSH
• gama-glutamyltransferasa krev   MeSH
• komorbidita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• metabolický syndrom enzymologie   etnologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater MeSH
• pohybová aktivita fyziologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Romové etnologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zánět krev   epidemiologie   etnologie   MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ztučnělá játra krev   etnologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• C-reaktivní protein MeSH
• ferritiny MeSH
• gama-glutamyltransferasa MeSH
• lipidy MeSH