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Fusisporium lolii Wm.G. Sm. Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

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Článek

Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell

Crous, P W
Autor Crous, P W Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Lombard, L
Autor Lombard, L Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
Sandoval-Denis, M
Autor Sandoval-Denis, M Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Seifert, K A
Autor Seifert, K A Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
Schroers, H-J
Autor Schroers, H-J Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Chaverri, P
Autor Chaverri, P Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA Escuela de Biología and Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
Gené, J
Autor Gené, J Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
Guarro, J
Autor Guarro, J Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
Hirooka, Y
Autor Hirooka, Y Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
Bensch, K
Autor Bensch, K Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands

Studies in mycology. 2021 Apr ; 98 () : 100116. [epub] 20210817

Stud Mycol
ISSN 0166-0616
Zdroj

Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).

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Fusisporium lolii Wm.G. Sm. Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

Fusisporium lolii Wm.G. Sm. Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu

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