• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hrtanu diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• prekancerózy diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• endometrium patofyziologie   MeSH
• hyperplazie patologie   MeSH
• hysterektomie MeSH
• kyretáž MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metody MeSH
• nádory dělohy patologie   MeSH
• prekancerózy diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The most common premalignant lesions of colorectal carcinoma include sporadic adenomas. Tubular and tubulovillous adenomas with mild dysplasia are considered benign lesions, while villous adenomas represent tumors with uncertain bio-logical behavior. In recent years, demonstrable growth of flat lesions in the proximal intestine has been seen. Precision and yield of colonoscopy depends to some extent on good preparation, careful screening of intestine and use of new instruments of better quality. As an indicator of screening colonoscopy quality, the so -called adenoma detection rate is used. The text briefly describes options of endoscopic and surgical resolving of premalignancies. In the Czech Republic, attendance in the screening program is low, which could be changed by prepared addressed invitations of clients. The population with a genetic or familiar risk is examined according to recommended procedures intended for increased- risk persons.

• Klíčová slova
• adenomatous polyp -  screening -  clinical practice,
• MeSH
• adenomové polypy diagnóza   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• hyperplazie diagnóza   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• kolonoskopie metody   MeSH
• kolorektální nádory diagnóza   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plošný screening MeSH
• prekancerózy * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory ženských pohlavních orgánů patologie   MeSH
• prekancerózy patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH

Gastric carcinoma is a common malignant disease associated with an unfavorable prognosis in the case of late dia-gnosis. The most significant precancerous condition is chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. These longlasting changes may lead to formation of dysplastic precancerous lesions. Upper endoscopy and histologic examination of forceps bio-psy specimens play a key role in the dia-gnosis of gastric precancerous conditions and lesions. Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy and endoscopic surveillance are main therapeutic modalities of gastric precancerous conditions. Localized precancerous lesions and early gastric neoplasia without the risk of lymphatic spread could be cured by means of endoscopic resection techniques.

• Klíčová slova
• gastric cancer -  precancerous conditions -  gastritis -  Helicobacter pylori -  gastroscopy,
• MeSH
• gastritida atrofická diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• gastroskopie MeSH
• infekce vyvolané Helicobacter pylori diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• karcinom diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory žaludku diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• prekancerózy diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

An important part of tumor prevention is early detection, dia-gnosis, treatment and screening of precancerous conditions. Correct detection and screening of premalignant lesions leads to early dia-gnosis of a malignant process which provides a better chance to completely cure the patient and also predicts better quality of life. Precancerous conditions look like whitish, red or mixed mucose lesions (leukoplakia, erytroplakia, erytroleukoplakia) which are visible during clinical examination. Nevertheless, these mucose changes are not absolutely conclusive. Therefore, histological testing is necessary for dia-gnosis and determination of bio-logical potencial of precancerous lesions. Precancerous lesions as a term of histological terminology means dysplasia. The risk of progression of dysplasia into a carcinoma depends on a grade of dysplasia. The conservative or surgical treatment is chosen according to localisation and grade of dysplasia.

• Klíčová slova
• precancerous condition -  premalignant lesion -  ENT -  dysplasia -  leukoplakia -  erytroplakia - carcinoma in situ,
• MeSH
• erytroplazie diagnóza   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• orální leukoplakie diagnóza   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• prekancerózy diagnóza   patologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• staging nádorů MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

In the prospective study the authors administered for one year the preparation Klimonorm (Jenapharm) to 90 women divided into three groups. Of 90 patients at the onset 30 women suffered from precancerous endometriosis confirmed by histological and cytological examination. The remaining 60--half with and half without menstrual bleeding--all had climacteric complaints. The authors evaluated by statistical methods various parameters, in particular Kuppermann's index, the thickness of the endometrial mucosa in the uterine cavity by ultrasound, the oncological endometrial cytology by a cytobrush and subsequent lavage of the uterine cavity during 4 check-up examinations after three-month intervals. At the onset of the investigation and after one year the hormonal serum levels (FSH, LH, 17-beta oestradiol) were assessed and in the patients with precancerous conditions also the histology of the endometrium. The results are promising, in particular the significant drop of Kuppermann's index already after three months to one third of the baseline value in all three groups of patients; complete reversal to the negative side as regards the cytological finding on the endometrium, correlating with the histological finding; unaltered body weight; change of the thickness of the endometrium in the group of precanceroses to more favourable values. Based on these results the authors hold the view that hormonal therapy (oestrogen-gestagen) in the climacteric and in endometrial precanceroses is fully justified. Klimonorm (Jenapharm) proved a very useful preparation as the patients' subjective complaints improved and also with regard to the favourable effect on endometrial precanceroses which can be monitored without active abrasion only by a cytobrush.

• MeSH
• cloprostenol farmakologie   MeSH
• endometrium účinky léků   MeSH
• estradiol analogy a deriváty   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• hyperplazie endometria patologie   MeSH
• klimakterium účinky léků   MeSH
• levonorgestrel terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory endometria patologie   MeSH
• prekancerózy patologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cloprostenol MeSH
• estradiol MeSH
• fixní kombinace léků MeSH
• klimonorm MeSH Prohlížeč
• levonorgestrel MeSH

For preinvasive lesions of vulva, a common term VIN - vulval intraepithelial neoplasia is used. VIN is a histological dia-gnosis based on abnormal squamous epithelial proliferation. There are two types of VIN apart from their association with human papillomavirus (HPV). Undifferentiated (usual) vulval intraepithelial neoplasia is commonly associated with carcinogenic genotypes of HVP, whereas differentiated vulval intraepithelial neoplasia is not associated with high-risk genotypes of HPV. The article presents an overview of VIN occurence and epidemiology, its classification system and dia-gnostics. In conclusion, VIN therapeutical possibilities are presented. It can be treated with surgical therapy (local excision, partial vulvectomy, vulvectomy, laser vaporization) or medical therapy (imiquimod).

• Klíčová slova
• vulval intraepithelial neoplasia -  VIN -  epidemiology -  therapy,
• MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem klasifikace   diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• karcinom in situ klasifikace   diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory vulvy klasifikace   diagnóza   epidemiologie   terapie   MeSH
• prekancerózy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Preinvasive lesions of the endometrium are histopathological and molecular alterations related to high-risk of uterine carcinoma development. Incidence has increasing tendency. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia is the preinvasive lesion of type I endometrial carcinoma, developing under a hyperestrogenic background. Carcinoma in situ of the endometrium is considered to be precursor lesion of type II endometrial carcinoma, first of all uterine serous carcinoma. Hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy is the main therapeutical modality in both preinvasive lesions of the endometrium. The hormonal therapy with progestogens is the possibility of fertility sparing approach in treatment of histological findings of atypical endometrial hyperplasia in young women. Even though preinvasive lesions of the endometrium are clearly defined, the possibilities of endometrial cancer screening are markedly limited.

• Klíčová slova
• preinvasive lesion -  endometrium -  atypic endometrial hyperplasia -  carcinoma in situ of the endometrium,
• MeSH
• hyperplazie endometria diagnóza   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• karcinom in situ diagnóza   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory endometria diagnóza   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• prekancerózy MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• leukoplakie diagnóza   MeSH
• lichen sclerosus vulvy diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory vulvy diagnóza   MeSH
• prekancerózy diagnóza   MeSH
• pruritus vulvae etiologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH