Sweat chloride
Dotaz
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- Klíčová slova
- CHLORIDES/chemistry *, SWEAT/chemistry *,
- MeSH
- chloridy chemie MeSH
- pot chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chloridy MeSH
A new approach for sweat analysis used in cystic fibrosis (CF) diagnosis is proposed. It consists of a noninvasive skin-wipe sampling followed by analysis of target ions using capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductometric detection (C4D). The skin-wipe sampling consists of wiping a defined skin area with precleaned cotton swab moistened with 100 μL deionized water. The skin-wipe sample is then extracted for 3 min into 400 μL deionized water, and the extract is analyzed directly. The developed sampling method is cheap, simple, fast, and painless, and can replace the conventional pilocarpine-induced sweat chloride test commonly applied in CF diagnosis. The aqueous extract of the skin-wipe sample content is analyzed simultaneously by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductometric detection using a double opposite end injection. A 20 mmol/L L-histidine/2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid and 2 mmol/L 18-crown-6 at pH 6 electrolyte can separate all the major ions in less than 7 min. Skin-wipe sample extracts from 30 study participants-ten adult patients with CF (25-50 years old), ten pediatric patients with CF (1-15 years old), and ten healthy control individuals (1-18 years old)-were obtained and analyzed. From the analyzed ions in all samples, a significant difference between chloride and potassium concentrations was found in the CF patients and healthy controls. We propose the use of the Cl-/K+ ratio rather than the absolute Cl- concentration and a cutoff value of 4 in skin-wipe sample extracts as an alternative to the conventional sweat chloride analysis. The proposed Cl-/K+ ion ratio proved to be a more reliable indicator, is independent of the patient's age, and allows better differentiation between non-CF individuals and CF patients having intermediate values on the Cl- sweat test. Figure New approach for cystic fibrosis diagnosis based on skin-wipe sampling of forearm and analysis of ionic content (Cl-/K+ ratio) in skin-wipe extracts by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductometric detection.
- Klíčová slova
- Capillary electrophoresis, Cystic fibrosis, Diagnosis, Ion ratio, Skin wipe, Sweat,
- MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- chloridy analýza MeSH
- cystická fibróza diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- draslík analýza MeSH
- elektroforéza kapilární metody MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku metody MeSH
- pot chemie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chloridy MeSH
- draslík MeSH
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chloridy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pot analýza MeSH
- potní žlázy metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chloridy MeSH
- MeSH
- chloridy analýza MeSH
- cystická fibróza * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- potní žlázy metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chloridy MeSH
A method is described for the determination of fatty acids in dried sweat spot and plasma samples using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Plasma and dried sweat spot samples were obtained from a group of blood donors. The sweat was collected from each volunteer during exercise. Sweat was spotted onto collection paper containing butylated hydroxytoluene. Fatty acids were derivatized with acetyl chloride in methanol to form methyl esters of fatty acids. The fatty acids in dried sweat spot samples treated with butylated hydroxytoluene and stored at -20°C were stable for 3 months. Our results indicate that sweat contains, among fatty acids with short chain, also fatty acids with long chain and unsaturated fatty acids. Linear relationships between percentage content of selected fatty acids in dried sweat spot and plasma were observed.
- Klíčová slova
- Dried sweat, Fatty acids, Flame ionization detection, Gas chromatography, Human sweat,
- MeSH
- chromatografie plynová * MeSH
- estery analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mastné kyseliny analýza MeSH
- plamínková ionizace * MeSH
- pot chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- estery MeSH
- mastné kyseliny MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- EXERTION *, HEAT *, SWEAT/chemistry *, VITAMIN B 1/metabolism *,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pot chemie MeSH
- tělesná námaha * MeSH
- thiamin metabolismus MeSH
- vitaminy * MeSH
- vysoká teplota * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- thiamin MeSH
- vitaminy * MeSH
- MeSH
- chloridy metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- iontoforéza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pilokarpin farmakologie MeSH
- pot * MeSH
- tělesná námaha fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chloridy MeSH
- pilokarpin MeSH
- MeSH
- chloridy analýza MeSH
- cystická fibróza diagnóza MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci novorozenců diagnóza MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- pot analýza MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chloridy MeSH
Chloride (Cl-) is an inorganic anion present in a broad range of samples (e.g. biological, environmental, food, water, etc.), the determination of which is of widespread significance. In this work, we translate the well-established traditional argentometric method (Mohr's precipitation titration) into a small, simple, portable, and low-cost paper-based microfluidic diagnostic device, which provides rapid and quantitative analysis. The developed device enables the determination of chloride sample volumes as small as 5 μL. A distance-based detection method is implemented providing fully instrument-free quantitation. The beneficial effects of channel geometry (variable widths with constant heights) on analytical parameters were investigated. Trapezoidal channels (channel width changes linearly with height) were used to create a gradient of paper surface (titrant) available for the reaction, compared to the typical uniform rectangular channels (constant channel width). The trapezoid with increasing width offered higher sensitivity and lower detection limits (i.e. 0.05 mM vs 0.1 mM from the rectangular channel) for chloride determination across the concentration range of 0.05-25 mM. In addition, the effect of concentration of the deposited reagent on the obtained distance signals was investigated using varying concentrations of titrant (AgNO3), which allowed determination of chloride across a wider dynamic range (up to 200 mM). The utility of the paper devices was demonstrated by determination of chloride in a variety of matrices including body fluids (sweat, serum, and urine) and water samples (drinking, mineral, river water).
- Klíčová slova
- Argentometric determination, Asymmetric trapezoidal microfluidic channels, Chloride determination, Distance-based measurement, Microfluidic paper-based analytical device,
- MeSH
- chloridy analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky * MeSH
- papír * MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- tělesné tekutiny chemie MeSH
- voda chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chloridy MeSH
- voda MeSH
- MeSH
- chloridy analýza MeSH
- cystická fibróza metabolismus MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pocení MeSH
- pot analýza MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- vodní a elektrolytová rovnováha MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- chloridy MeSH