• Klíčová slova
• CORONARY DISEASE/diagnosis *,
• MeSH
• embolie * MeSH
• koronární cévy * MeSH
• koronární nemoc diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

On the supposition that pericoronary lymphatics play an important role in the efflux of interstitial fluid from the blood vessel wall, we examined the morphology of pericoronary arterial lymphatics in the dog. After ligation of the principal epicardial drainage lymphatics, after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, after induced pericoronary inflammation and after instillation of India Ink into the pericardial sac using light, dissecting, and electron microscopy. The findings were compared with non-operated (control) dogs. Lymphatic drainage of the coronary arteries is via adventitial lymphatics, which do not penetrate to the media and via periadventitial lymphatics consisting of a subepicardial lymphatic plexus overlying the coronary arteries. The smaller arterioles in the ventricular muscle have many more accompanying lymphatics than do epicardial coronary arteries. In the latter arteries, prelymphatic channels formed by collagen fibers in the media likely transport interstitial fluid to the adventitial and periadventitial lymphatics. Arterial contraction also likely plays a role in propulsion of coronary arterial interstitial fluid towards adventitial lymphatics.

• MeSH
• arterioly anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• koronární cévy anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• lymfatický systém anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• vasa vasorum anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• psi MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The coronary arteries of human foetuses from the 4th to 10th month of gestation were examined in the light and the electron microscope. Marked changes were demonstrated in the course of prenatal development, particularly in the media and adventitia (thickening, an increase in the number of collagen fibrils). In regions of coronary artery branching, here and there we found intimal pads or diffuse thickening of the intima, which were separated from the media by a mostly thin or discontinuous inner elastic membrane with an accumulation of smooth muscle cells and a smaller quantity of elastic fibrils. The intimal thickenings, which occurred mostly in the region of bifurcation of the left coronary artery and at sites where branches sprang from the r. ventricularis anterior of the left coronary artery, were already discernible at the beginning of the period in question (i.e. in the 4th month). In some cases, oedematous changes were found in the pads, where they were characterized by dilatation of the elastic membranes and smooth muscle cells by proliferating structureless matter.

• MeSH
• koronární cévy embryologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Coronary artery aneurysm is a relatively rare disorder that is usually discovered as a secondary finding in patients undergoing coronary artery angiography. Coronary artery fistulas are relatively more frequent than rare aneurysms and are often associated with other cardiac abnormalities. The etiology of aneurysms is mostly atherosclerotic, and they are less frequently associated with other acquired or congenital diseases, such as Kawasaki disease, connective tissue diseases, septic emboli, arteritis, and iatrogenic disease. We report a 70-year-old woman with a rare combination of a coronary artery aneurysm associated with a coronary artery fistula, which drained into the pulmonary artery. The diagnosis of our patient was made by selective coronary angiography and confirmed by computed tomography angiography. The patient was treated surgically because of the symptomatic course of the disease.

• Klíčová slova
• Coronary artery aneurysm, chest pain, computed tomography angiography, fistula, pulmonary artery, thrombus,
• MeSH
• arteria pulmonalis diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• koronární aneurysma * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• koronární angiografie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• píštěle * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   chirurgie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

It has been suggested by various investigators that the impairment of lymphatic drainage from the coronary arteries may play a role in predisposition to coronary atherosclerosis, the pathogenesis of which is certainly multifactorial. In our study, no lymphatic vessels were found in the walls of the coronary arteries (adventitia, media and intima) in 51 human hearts from patients ranging in ages from 3 months to 83 years with normal coronary arteries, coronary atherosclerosis, and cardiomyopathy. Visualized lymphatics were located solely in the periadventitial area, and these lymphatics were more irregular in hearts from older persons. With injection, histology, and electronmicroscopy methods we could not detect penetration of lymphatics into the wall of coronary trunks in normal as well atherosclerotic arteries. In all coronary arteries studied, and particularly in the atherosclerotic lesions, blood vasa vasorum could be visualized. In the atherosclerotic areas, vasa vasorum (angiogenesis) could be seen penetrating into the media and intima. Many of the thin-walled vasa vasorum could easily be mistaken for lymphatics. The absence of lymphatics draining the epicardial coronary arteries may be a predisposing factor to coronary atherosclerosis.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• infarkt myokardu patologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• koronární cévy anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfatický systém anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen patologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vasa vasorum anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND: Using animal models in experimental medicine requires mapping of their anatomical variability. Porcine common carotid arteries (CCA) are often preferred for the preclinical testing of vascular grafts due to their anatomical and physiological similarity to human small-diameter arteries. Comparing the microscopic structure of animal model organs to their human counterparts reveals the benefits and limitations of translational medicine. METHODS: Using quantitative histology and stereology, we performed an extensive mapping of the regional proximodistal differences in the fractions of elastin, collagen, and smooth muscle actin as well as the intima-media and wall thicknesses among 404 segments (every 1 cm) of porcine CCAs collected from male and female pigs (n = 21). We also compared the microscopic structure of porcine CCAs with segments of human coronary arteries and one of the preferred arterial conduits used for the coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), namely, the internal thoracic artery (ITA) (n = 21 human cadavers). RESULTS: The results showed that the histological structure of left and right porcine CCA can be considered equivalent, provided that gross anatomical variations of the regular branching patterns are excluded. The proximal elastic carotid (51.2% elastin, 4.2% collagen, and 37.2% actin) transitioned to more muscular middle segments (23.5% elastin, 4.9% collagen, 54.3% actin) at the range of 2-3 centimeters and then to even more muscular distal segments (17.2% elastin, 4.9% collagen, 64.0% actin). The resulting morphometric data set shows the biological variability of the artery and is made available for biomechanical modeling and for performing a power analysis and calculating the minimum number of samples per group when planning further experiments with this widely used large animal model. CONCLUSIONS: Comparison of porcine carotids with human coronary arteries and ITA revealed the benefits and the limitations of using porcine CCAs as a valid model for testing bioengineered small-diameter CABG vascular conduits. Morphometry of human coronary arteries and ITA provided more realistic data for tailoring multilayered artificial vascular prostheses and the ranges of values within which the conduits should be tested in the future. Despite their limitations, porcine CCAs remain a widely used and well-characterized large animal model that is available for a variety of experiments in vascular surgery.

• Klíčová slova
• Bypass grafting, Cardiac surgery, Carotid artery, Coronary arteries, Internal thoracic artery, Pig, Stereology,
• MeSH
• arteriae carotides anatomie a histologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• cévní protézy * klasifikace   normy   MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• koronární bypass metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• mrtvola MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• srdce anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The opening angles of 16 rings excised from human coronary arteries with different degrees of atherosclerosis were determined 10 hours after death. Atherosclerosis, as a chronic inflammatory response of arterial endothelium and intima, is defined by three degrees of its development. The opening angle decreases more or less linearly with the distance from the right coronary artery orifice. This is in accordance with the functional requirements posed on blood transport into the coronary arteries. A decrease of the opening angle with age is affected by hardening of the arterial wall, among other factors. This is in accordance with a stochastic model of age related changes in the initial modulus of elasticity of the coronary artery. A part of the free energy of smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, collagen and elastic fibres is used not for creating residual strain but for remodeling the arterial wall structure. The opening angle is also considerably affected by the degree of atheroclerosis. The dependence on age of the external diameter and the thickness of the intact left and right coronary arteries in the vicinity of the aortic sinus was also analyzed in two female and two male subjects. To ensure the objectivity of the results it is necessary to carry out additional experiments and studies in vivo.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• cévní endotel patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elastická tkáň patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• fibroblasty patologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kolagen fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• koronární cévy patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• koronární cirkulace fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanický stres MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• pružnost MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí patologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• stochastické procesy MeSH
• svaly hladké cévní patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• tunica intima patologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kolagen MeSH

The authors present an account, based on their clinical material, of 15 endarterectomies of the coronary arteries, which from the chronological aspect are divided into two groups. The first six were performed in 1972-1974 without the use of cardioplegia, total cardias arrest, only with ventricular fibrillation, with a 50% rate of success. The series of the remaining nine patients was operated during the period between October 1987 and the end of 1988 under far more favourable conditions, using cold cardioplegia, hypothermia and total cardias arrest. Only one patient died 24 hours after operation, the remaining eight patients are being followed up for one to 14 months after operation. In six patients endarterectomy of the right coronary artery was performed and in three instances in the area of the r. interventricularis of the left coronary artery. There was no case of perioperative myocardial infarction. The immediate postoperative development of the patients is promising and encourages us to proceed with this surgery (endarterectomy of the coronary artery) which is the only alternative method in the group of patients with diffuse distal arteriosclerosis of the coronary arteries.

• MeSH
• endarterektomie * MeSH
• koronární cévy chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen chirurgie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• arterie embryologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• koronární cévy embryologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The vasa vasorum interna were described during the last decade as a special kind of vessels originating directly from the lumen of the paternal artery and participating in the nourishment of its wall, especially of the aorta and coronary arteries. At the same time, their existence was repeatedly denied/negated by many other authors. AIM: The purpose of the actual study was the anatomical verification of the existence of the vasa vasorum interna in porcine coronary arteries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The vascular supply was studied on the wall of the anterior interventricular branch of the left coronary artery on 36 hearts taken from healthy pigs. Light microscopy, vascular injections and scanning electron microscopy were used for the analysis of 141 samples. RESULTS: In only two cases small arteries resembling vasa vasorum interna and originating directly from the lumen of the coronary artery were found. But, in both cases these vessels ran without branching, passed over the whole thickness of adventitia and branched in the wider periarterial space. In contrast to this all feeding arteries of the vasa vasorum arose from the larger branches of the paternal artery, branched entirely in its adventitia and did not enter the media. CONCLUSION: Due to the very low incidence of these small arteries originating from the lumen of the paternal artery and the absence of their participation on the nourishment of the arterial wall we came to the conclusion that it is not suitable to use the term "vasa vasorum interna" for their designation.

• Klíčová slova
• Corrosion casts, Histology, Porcine coronary artery, Vasa vasorum, Vasa vasorum interna,
• MeSH
• inkoust MeSH
• koronární cévy anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• korozní odlévání MeSH
• polyestery MeSH
• prasata anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• srdce anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• syntetické pryskyřice MeSH
• uhlík MeSH
• vasa vasorum anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chinese ink MeSH Prohlížeč
• Mercox MeSH Prohlížeč
• polyestery MeSH
• syntetické pryskyřice MeSH
• uhlík MeSH