With No Lysine kinases (WNKs) are a distinct family of Serine/Threonine protein kinase with unique arrangement of catalytic residues in kinase domain. In WNK, an essential catalytic lysine requisite for attaching ATP and phosphorylation reaction is located in subdomain I, instead of subdomain II, which is essentially a typical feature of other Ser/Thr kinases. WNKs are identified in diverse organisms including multicellular and unicellular organisms. Mammalian WNKs are well characterized at structural and functional level, while plant WNKs are not explored much except few recent studies. Plant WNKs role in various physiological processes viz. ion maintenance, osmotic stress, pH homeostasis, circadian rhythms, regulation of flowering time, proliferation and organ development, and abiotic stresses are known, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Plant WNKs are known to be involved in enhanced drought and salt stress response via ABA-signaling pathway, but the complete signaling cascade is yet to be elucidated. The current review will discuss the interplay between WNKs and growth regulators and their cross talks in plant growth and development. We have also highlighted the link between the stress phytohormones and WNK members in regulating abiotic stress responses in plants. The present review will provide an overall known mechanism on the involvement of WNKs in plant growth and development and abiotic stress response and highlight its role/applications in the development of stress-tolerant plants.

• Klíčová slova
• Abiotic stress, Kinases, Phytohormones, Plant growth and development, WNKs,
• MeSH
• Arabidopsis genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• cirkadiánní rytmus fyziologie   MeSH
• fyziologický stres MeSH
• fyziologie rostlin * MeSH
• kořeny rostlin růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• lysin metabolismus   MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy metabolismus   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vývoj rostlin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• lysin MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH

Potassium is an essential macronutrient that has been partly overshadowed in root science by nitrogen and phosphorus. The current boom in potassium-related studies coincides with an emerging awareness of its importance in plant growth, metabolic functions, stress tolerance, and efficient agriculture. In this review, we summarized recent progress in understanding the role of K+ in root growth, development of root system architecture, cellular functions, and specific plant responses to K+ shortage. K+ transport is crucial for its physiological role. A wide range of K+ transport proteins has developed during evolution and acquired specific functions in plants. There is evidence linking K+ transport with cell expansion, membrane trafficking, auxin homeostasis, cell signaling, and phloem transport. This places K+ among important general regulatory factors of root growth. K+ is a rather mobile element in soil, so the absence of systemic and localized root growth response has been accepted. However, recent research confirms both systemic and localized growth response in Arabidopsis thaliana and highlights K+ uptake as a crucial mechanism for plant stress response. K+-related regulatory mechanisms, K+ transporters, K+ acquisition efficiency, and phenotyping for selection of K+ efficient plants/cultivars are highlighted in this review.

• Klíčová slova
• KT/HAK/KUP transporters, deficiency, potassium, root growth, root system architecture,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• CARCINOGENS/pharmacology *, GROWTH *,
• MeSH
• karcinogeny farmakologie   MeSH
• karcinom * MeSH
• růst a vývoj * MeSH
• růst * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• karcinogeny MeSH

Implementing policy combinations that neither negatively impact economic performance nor create the least amount of harm is the most crucial factor to consider in policy practices that promote environmental quality. In this regard, green growth, which harmonises both environmental and economic performance, gains importance. Based on this, this study analyses the effects of foreign direct investments, financial development, and financial globalisation on green growth for BRICS countries for the period 1990-2021. For this purpose, the effects of these factors on green growth are investigated using novel wavelet quantile regression and wavelet quantile correlation techniques. The findings show that while foreign direct investment inflow harms green growth in countries other than South Africa, there is a positive effect for South Africa. On the other hand, financial development and financial globalisation have adverse effects on green growth only in South Africa but have an increasing effect on green growth in other countries.

• Klíčová slova
• Financial development, Financial globalization, Foreign direct investments, Green growth, Wavelet techniques,
• MeSH
• ekonomický rozvoj * MeSH
• internacionalita MeSH
• investice * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jihoafrická republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Over the life cycle of perennial trees, the dormant state enables the avoidance of abiotic stress conditions. The growth cycle can be partitioned into induction, maintenance and release and is controlled by complex interactions between many endogenous and environmental factors. While phytohormones have long been linked with dormancy, there is increasing evidence of regulation by DAM and CBF genes. To reveal whether the expression kinetics of CBFs and their target PtDAM1 is related to growth cessation and endodormancy induction in Populus, two hybrid poplar cultivars were studied which had known differential responses to dormancy inducing conditions. RESULTS: Growth cessation, dormancy status and expression of six PtCBFs and PtDAM1 were analyzed. The 'Okanese' hybrid cultivar ceased growth rapidly, was able to reach endodormancy, and exhibited a significant increase of several PtCBF transcripts in the buds on the 10th day. The 'Walker' cultivar had delayed growth cessation, was unable to enter endodormancy, and showed much lower CBF expression in buds. Expression of PtDAM1 peaked on the 10th day only in the buds of 'Okanese'. In addition, PtDAM1 was not expressed in the leaves of either cultivar while leaf CBFs expression pattern was several fold higher in 'Walker', peaking at day 1. Leaf phytohormones in both cultivars followed similar profiles during growth cessation but differentiated based on cytokinins which were largely reduced, while the Ox-IAA and iP7G increased in 'Okanese' compared to 'Walker'. Surprisingly, ABA concentration was reduced in leaves of both cultivars. However, the metabolic deactivation product of ABA, phaseic acid, exhibited an early peak on the first day in 'Okanese'. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that PtCBFs and PtDAM1 have differential kinetics and spatial localization which may be related to early growth cessation and endodormancy induction under the regime of low night temperature and short photoperiod in poplar. Unlike buds, PtCBFs and PtDAM1 expression levels in leaves were not associated with early growth cessation and dormancy induction under these conditions. Our study provides new evidence that the degradation of auxin and cytokinins in leaves may be an important regulatory point in a CBF-DAM induced endodormancy. Further investigation of other PtDAMs in bud tissue and a study of both growth-inhibiting and the degradation of growth-promoting phytohormones is warranted.

• Klíčová slova
• Endodormancy, Gene expression, Growth cessation, Plant hormone, Populus, PtCBFs, PtDAM1,
• MeSH
• chiméra růst a vývoj   MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• Populus genetika   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u rostlin MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin genetika   MeSH
• rostlinné geny MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• vegetační klid genetika   MeSH
• vývoj rostlin genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of prophylaxis using low-dose non-fractioned heparin and aspirin in the prevention of intrauterine growth restriction and low birth weights in patients suffering from antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Intrauterine growth retardation and birth weights of 34 gestations involving 28 women with histories of multiple miscarriages and elevated antiphospholipid antibody levels were evaluated in a prospective study in the period from April 1988 to July 2004. A control group was formed of 39 women without previous history of miscarriages over a total of 40 gestations. Intrauterine growth retardation was considered when the weight of the newborn baby was below the tenth percentile for gestational age according to the fetal weight chart. Diagnosis of antiphospholipid antibodies was achieved using the ELIZA test to measure the IgG and IgM immunoglobulin levels. Evaluation of lupus anticoagulant was performed using the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Women suffering from antiphospholipid antibodies underwent prophylactic treatment during gestation with low doses of acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg daily) associated to low doses of subcutaneous heparin (5000 IU twice daily). The non-paired Student t-test, Fisher Exact and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis with an a error of up to 5% considered acceptable. A statistically higher number of newborns suffered intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weights in the study group than in the control group. In conclusion, children of mothers suffering from antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, even those undergoing prophylactic treatment with low-dose non-fractioned heparin and aspirin, are associated to intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weights.

• MeSH
• antifosfolipidové protilátky krev   MeSH
• antifosfolipidový syndrom komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• růstová retardace plodu etiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antifosfolipidové protilátky MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické jevy * MeSH
• buněčná membrána fyziologie   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin fyziologie   MeSH
• signální transdukce fyziologie   MeSH
• vývoj rostlin fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodníky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH

With the support of the Internal Grant Agency of the Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic in 1997-1999 work proceeded on the grant "Semi-longitudinal study of the somatic growth of school children in the Czech Republic". The objective of this project is to assess the growth rate of the basic bodily characteristics in children and youth aged 6 to 14 years, to confirm the positive secular trend in height and body weight or its slowing or stagnation, and also to evaluate the growth and development of children under the new socio-economic conditions. In addition to thirty somatic characteristics which are assessed repeatedly every six months, in 1,925 children some supplementary data were obtained from parents. From hitherto assembled data ensues that there was no significant change of the mean length at birth nor of the birth weight as compared with 1989. The increase in height up to adolescence continues, in the higher age groups probably stagnation occurs. Despite a slight increase of mean body weight values since 1981, a gradual decline of the BMI values was observed. In boys this tendency is less marked than in girls, in particular in the oldest age groups. This trend was confirmed also by the results of the present investigation. As compared with the results of the 5th Nationwide Anthropological Survey in 1991 the group of overweight children, i.e. those above the 90th percentile of BMI comprises 6.9% boys and 8.9% girls from a total of almost 2,000 children, as compared with the expected 10%.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• tělesná výška MeSH
• vývoj dítěte * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The differential distribution of the plant signaling molecule auxin is required for many aspects of plant development. Local auxin maxima and gradients arise as a result of local auxin metabolism and, predominantly, from directional cell-to-cell transport. In this primer, we discuss how the coordinated activity of several auxin influx and efflux systems, which transport auxin across the plasma membrane, mediates directional auxin flow. This activity crucially contributes to the correct setting of developmental cues in embryogenesis, organogenesis, vascular tissue formation and directional growth in response to environmental stimuli.

• MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• embryonální vývoj MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus   MeSH
• membránové transportní proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• morfogeneze MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostliny * embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce fyziologie   MeSH
• transport proteinů fyziologie   MeSH
• tropismus fyziologie   MeSH
• vývoj rostlin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kyseliny indoloctové MeSH
• membránové transportní proteiny MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH

Financial development and geopolitical risks can significantly affect sustainable development. However, the roles of these factors in sustainable development are rarely investigated. Thus, this study takes into account the role of geopolitical risk while exploring the effects of financial development, natural resource rents, and eco-innovation on sustainable development in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. To this end, yearly data from 1990 to 2019 is analyzed using advanced econometric tests. The Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) results indicate that financial development and eco-innovation are significantly and positively related to sustainable development. Natural resource rents have a detrimental impact on sustainable development which confirms the presence of the resource curse hypothesis in OECD countries. Furthermore, the results revealed that controlling geopolitical risk is useful in fostering sustainable development. Lastly, the panel Granger causality test unveiled one-way causality from financial development, eco-innovation, natural resource rents, and geopolitical risk to sustainable development. Moreover, causalities are found from geopolitical risk to financial development, eco-innovation and natural resources. These findings suggest that OECD countries should prioritize financial development and eco-innovation policies for sustainable development while mitigating the negative effects of natural resource rents. The geopolitical risk can harm sustainable development, so policymakers should promote international cooperation and risk-sharing.

• Klíčová slova
• Financial development, Geopolitical risk, Green innovation, Resource richness, Sustainable development,
• MeSH
• ekonomický rozvoj MeSH
• oxid uhličitý MeSH
• přírodní zdroje * MeSH
• trvale udržitelný rozvoj * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• oxid uhličitý MeSH