PURPOSE: We report CNS efficacy of first-line osimertinib plus chemotherapy versus osimertinib monotherapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the phase III FLAURA2 study according to baseline CNS metastasis status. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned to osimertinib plus platinum-pemetrexed (combination) or osimertinib monotherapy until disease progression or discontinuation. Brain scans were performed in all patients at baseline and progression and at scheduled assessments until progression for patients with baseline CNS metastases; scans were assessed by neuroradiologist CNS blinded independent central review (BICR). RESULTS: On the basis of baseline CNS BICR, 118 of 279 (combination) and 104 of 278 (monotherapy) randomly assigned patients had ≥one measurable and/or nonmeasurable CNS lesion and were included in the CNS full analysis set (cFAS); 40 of 118 and 38 of 104 had ≥one measurable target CNS lesion and were included in the post hoc CNS evaluable-for-response set (cEFR). In the cFAS, the hazard ratio (HR) for CNS progression or death was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.33 to 1.01). In patients without baseline CNS metastases, the HR for CNS progression or death was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.43 to 1.04). In the cFAS, CNS objective response rates (ORRs; 95% CI) were 73% (combination; 64 to 81) versus 69% (monotherapy; 59 to 78); 59% versus 43% had CNS complete response (CR). In the cEFR, CNS ORRs (95% CI) were 88% (73 to 96) versus 87% (72 to 96); 48% versus 16% had CNS CR. CONCLUSION: Osimertinib plus platinum-pemetrexed demonstrated improved CNS efficacy compared with osimertinib monotherapy, including delaying CNS progression, irrespective of baseline CNS metastasis status. These data support this combination as a new first-line treatment for patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC, including those with CNS metastases.
- MeSH
- akrylamidy * MeSH
- aniliny terapeutické užití MeSH
- erbB receptory genetika MeSH
- indoly * MeSH
- inhibitory proteinkinas terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádory centrálního nervového systému * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- nádory plic * farmakoterapie genetika patologie MeSH
- nemalobuněčný karcinom plic * farmakoterapie genetika patologie MeSH
- pemetrexed terapeutické užití MeSH
- platina terapeutické užití MeSH
- pyrimidiny * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
At first recurrence, platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer (PSOC) is frequently treated with platinum-based chemotherapy doublets plus bevacizumab, then single-agent bevacizumab. Most patients' disease progresses within a year after chemotherapy, emphasizing the need for novel strategies. Mirvetuximab soravtansine-gynx (MIRV), an antibody-drug conjugate, comprises a folate receptor alpha (FRα)-binding antibody and tubulin-targeting payload (maytansinoid DM4). In FRα-high PSOC, MIRV plus bevacizumab previously showed promising efficacy (objective response rate, 69% [95% CI: 41-89]; median progression-free survival, 13.3 months [95% CI: 8.3-18.3]; median duration of response, 12.9 months [95% CI: 6.5-15.7]) and safety. The Phase III randomized GLORIOSA trial will evaluate MIRV plus bevacizumab vs. bevacizumab alone as maintenance therapy in patients with FRα-high PSOC who did not have disease progression following second-line platinum-based doublet chemotherapy plus bevacizumab.Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05445778; GOG.org ID: GOG-3078; ENGOT.ESGO.org ID: ENGOT-ov76.
- MeSH
- bevacizumab * aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky MeSH
- doba přežití bez progrese choroby MeSH
- folátový receptor 1 * antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunokonjugáty * terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- maytansin * analogy a deriváty terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- platina terapeutické užití aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie * terapeutické užití škodlivé účinky MeSH
- udržovací chemoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- protokol klinické studie MeSH
Platinum is the most widespread electrode material used for implantable biomedical and neuroelectronic devices, motivating exploring ways to improve its performance and understand its fundamental properties. Using reactive magnetron sputtering, PtOx is prepared, which upon partial reduction yields a porous thin-film form of platinum with favorable properties, notably record-low impedance values outcompeting other reports for platinum-based electrodes. It is established that its high electrochemical capacitance scales with thickness, in the way of volumetric capacitor materials like IrOx and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT. Unlike these two well-known analogs, however, it is found that PtOx capacitance is not caused by reversible pseudofaradaic reactions but rather due to high surface area. In contrast to IrOx, PtOx is not a reversible valence-change oxide, but rather a porous form of platinum. The findings show that this oxygen-containing form of Pt can place Pt electrodes on a level competitive with IrOx and PEDOT. Due to its relatively low cost and ease of preparation, PtOx can be a good choice for microfabricated bioelectronic devices.
BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed previous treatment paradigm of advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC). The ARON-2 study (NCT05290038) aimed to assess the real-world effectiveness of pembrolizumab in patients recurred or progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records of patients with documented metastatic UC treated by pembrolizumab as second-line therapy were retrospectively collected from 88 institutions in 23 countries. Patients were assessed for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall response rate (ORR). Cox proportional hazards models were adopted to explore the presence of prognostic factors. RESULTS: In total, 836 patients were included: 544 patients (65%) received pembrolizumab after progression to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy in the metastatic setting (cohort A) and 292 (35%) after recurring within < 12 months since the completion of adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cohort B). The median follow-up time was 15.3 months. The median OS and the ORR were 10.5 months and 31% in the overall study population, 9.1 months and 29% in cohort A and 14.6 months and 37% in cohort B. At multivariate analysis, ECOG-PS ≥ 2, bone metastases, liver metastases and pembrolizumab setting (cohort A vs B) proved to be significantly associated with worst OS and PFS. Stratified by the presence of 0, 1-2 or 3-4 prognostic factors, the median OS was 29.4, 12.5 and 4.1 months (p < 0.001), while the median PFS was 12.2, 6.4 and 2.8 months, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms that pembrolizumab is effective in the advanced UC real-world context, showing outcome differences between patients recurred or progressed after platinum-based chemotherapy.
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common subtype of ovarian cancer and is among the most fatal gynecological malignancies worldwide, due to late diagnosis at advanced stages and frequent therapy resistance. In 47 HGSC patients, we assessed somatic and germline genetic variability of a custom panel of 144 known or suspected HGSC-related genes by high-coverage targeted DNA sequencing to identify the genetic determinants associated with resistance to platinum-based therapy. In the germline, the most mutated genes were DNAH14 (17%), RAD51B (17%), CFTR (13%), BRCA1 (11%), and RAD51 (11%). Somatically, the most mutated gene was TP53 (98%), followed by CSMD1/2/3 (19/19/36%), and CFTR (23%). Results were compared with those from whole exome sequencing of a similar set of 35 HGSC patients. Somatic variants in TP53 were also validated using GENIE data of 1287 HGSC samples. Our approach showed increased prevalence of high impact somatic and germline mutations, especially those affecting splice sites of TP53, compared to validation datasets. Furthermore, nonsense TP53 somatic mutations were negatively associated with patient survival. Elevated TP53 transcript levels were associated with platinum resistance and presence of TP53 missense mutations, while decreased TP53 levels were found in tumors carrying mutations with predicted high impact, which was confirmed in The Cancer Genome Atlas data (n = 260). Targeted DNA sequencing of TP53 combined with transcript quantification may contribute to the concept of precision oncology of HGSC. Future studies should explore targeting the p53 pathway based on specific mutation types and co-analyze the expression and mutational profiles of other key cancer genes.
- MeSH
- chemorezistence * genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 * genetika MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * genetika farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- platina terapeutické užití farmakologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u nádorů MeSH
- sekvenování exomu metody MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- serózní cystadenokarcinom * genetika farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- zárodečné mutace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
PURPOSE: In the CASPIAN trial, first-line durvalumab plus platinum-etoposide (EP) significantly improved overall survival (OS) versus EP alone in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC). We report exploratory analyses of CASPIAN outcomes by programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and tissue tumor mutational burden (tTMB). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to durvalumab (1,500 mg) plus EP, durvalumab plus tremelimumab (75 mg) plus EP, or EP alone. Treatment effects in PD-L1 and tTMB subgroups were estimated using an unstratified Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The PD-L1 and tTMB biomarker-evaluable populations (BEP) comprised 54.4% (438/805) and 35.2% (283/805) of the intention-to-treat population, respectively. PD-L1 prevalence was low: 5.7%, 25.8%, and 28.3% had PD-L1 expression on ≥1% tumor cells (TC), ≥1% immune cells (IC), and ≥1% TCs or ICs, respectively. OS benefit with durvalumab plus EP versus EP was similar across PD-L1 subgroups, with HRs all falling within the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the PD-L1 BEP (0.47‒0.79). OS benefit with durvalumab plus tremelimumab plus EP versus EP was greater in PD-L1 ≥1% versus <1% subgroups, although CIs overlapped. There was no evidence of an interaction between tTMB and treatment effect on OS (durvalumab plus EP vs. EP, P = 0.916; durvalumab plus tremelimumab plus EP vs. EP, P = 0.672). CONCLUSIONS: OS benefit with first-line durvalumab plus EP in patients with ES-SCLC was observed regardless of PD-L1 or tTMB status. PD-L1 expression may prove to be a useful biomarker for combined treatment with PD-(L)1 and CTLA-4 inhibition, although this requires confirmation with an independent dataset. See related commentary by Rolfo and Russo, p. 652.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD274 genetika MeSH
- etoposid MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malobuněčný karcinom plic * farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- monoklonální protilátky * MeSH
- nádory plic * farmakoterapie genetika MeSH
- platina MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
Extragonadální nádory ze zárodečných buněk jsou vzácná, ale často agresivní onemocnění, která vyžadují časnou diagnostiku a intenzivní terapii. Do této skupiny patří i extragonadální choriokarcinom, který je spojován především s ženským pohlavím v období gestace, může se však vyskytovat i u mužů. V naší kazuistice popisujeme případ mladého pacienta s "high-volume" metastatickým extragonadálním choriokarcinomem, který i přes život ohrožující komplikace po intenzivní terapii dosáhl celkové remise onemocnění.
Extragonadal germ cell tumors are uncommon but often agressive diseases, which require rapid diagnostics and intensive treatment. This group includes also extragonadal choriocarcinoma, known especially in women in pregnancy, but it may occur also in men. We report a case of a young patient with "high-volume" metastatic extragonadal choriocarcinoma. His disease is in remission after an intensive treatment despite live threatening complications.
Východiska: Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) je nedávno objevený nukleární protein, který má podle dosud publikovaných dat potenciál stát se markerem umožňujícím predikovat odpověď na léčbu preparáty, jejichž terapeutickým cílem je poškození DNA. Zde prezentujeme výsledky pilotní analýzy imunohistochemické (IHC) exprese SLFN11 u pacientek s ovariálním karcinomem (OC) léčených chemoterapií založenou na platinovém derivátu (P-CHT). Materiál a metody: Z klinické databáze pacientek léčených ve FN Brno pro OC v letech 2010–2021 byla identifikována kohorta celkem 61 pacientek léčených P-CHT v rámci primární systémové léčby. U všech pacientek byla na vzorcích tumoru odebraných před zahájením P-CHT provedena IHC analýza protilátkou SLFN11 (D-2), sc-515071 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Texas, USA). Míra exprese SLFN11 v nádorových buňkách byla vyhodnocena jak podle H-skóre (celková hodnota = 1× slabá pozitivita + 2× střední pozitivita + 3× silná pozitivita), tak i celkovým procentuálním vyjádřením pozitivity jakékoli intenzity. Výsledky: Z celkového počtu 61 pacientek mělo celkem 30 pacientek P-rezistentní onemocnění, medián doby bez progrese onemocnění (platinum treatment free interval – TFIp) byl 5 měsíců, mezikvartilové rozpětí (interquartile range – IQR) bylo 2–10 a 31 pacientek mělo P-senzitivní onemocnění (TFIp 43 měsíce; IQR 26–81). V obou kohortách bylo rovnoměrné zastoupení pacientek podle histologického typu, stadia v době diagnózy i rozsahu cytoredukce v rámci primární léčby. Exprese SLFN11 byla vyhodnocena celkem u 60 pacientek, u jedné pacientky s P-senzitivním onemocněním byl vzorek nehodnotitelný. V rámci celého souboru byla míra exprese SLFN11 nízká (H-skóre 10; 10% pozitivita). Nebyl prokázán statisticky významný rozdíl v H-skóre ani v celkové procentuální pozitivitě exprese SLFN11 mezi kohortami pacientek s P-senzitivním a P-rezistentním onemocněním. Podobně nebyla prokázána statisticky významná souvislost mezi expresí SLFN11 a hlavními prognostickými parametry (stadium v době diagnózy, objektivní odpověď po primární léčbě, TFIp, čas do úmrtí). Závěr: V rámci pilotní analýzy jsme při zvolené metodice neprokázali zásadní prediktivní ani prognostický význam imunohistochemického stanovení exprese markeru SLFN11 u pacientek s ovariálním karcinomem léčených chemoterapií založené na platinovém derivátu.
Background: Schlafen 11 (SLFN11), a recently discovered nuclear protein, has been identified as a promising biomarker capable to predict the response to DNA damage-inducing agents across various cancer types. In this article, we present the results of the pilot SLFN11 immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses in ovarian cancer (OC) patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy (P-CHT). Materials and methods: The retrospective cohort of 61 ovarian cancer patients treated with primary P-CHT at University Hospital Brno in 2010–2021 was identified from the clinical database based on predefined criteria. The IHC analyses of SLFN11 expression were performed on tumor samples collected before P-CHT initiation using monoclonal antibody SLFN11 (D-2), sc-515071 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Texas, USA). The slides were evaluated for SLFN11 expression in tumor cells by H-score (total score = 1× weak + 2× mean + 3× strong positivity) and as a percentage of positivity of any intensity. Results: From the whole cohort of 61 patients, a total of 30 patients had P-resistant disease with a median platinum-free interval (TFIp) of 5 months; the interquartile range (IQR) was 2–10 and 31 patients had P-sensitive disease with median TFIp 43 months (IQR 26–81). The stage at diagnosis, histological type, and extent of surgical cytoreduction were equally distributed in both cohorts. Except for one patient in the P-sensitive cohort, all tumor samples were evaluable for IHC SLFN11 analyses. SLFN11 expression was generally low in the entire cohort (H-score 10, 10% positivity). Neither statistically significant differences in SLFN11 expression between P-resistant and P-sensitive disease, nor the correlation with main prognostic factors (stage at diagnosis, objective response to primary treatment, TFIp, overall survival) were observed. Conclusion: With the methodology used in this pilot study, we failed to demonstrate any predictive or prognostic significance of the immunohistochemical SLFN11 evaluation in ovarian cancer patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.
- MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- jaderné proteiny genetika MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * farmakoterapie genetika patologie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- platina * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Léčba neinvazivního karcinomu močového měchýře (NMIBC) by měla u středně a vysoce rizikových pacientů dodržovat rizikově stratifikovaný přístup s transuretrální resekcí (TUR) a intravezikální chemoterapií (ChT) nebo Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vakcínou (BCG). Použití neoadjuvantní chemoterapie na bázi cisplatiny u karcinomu močového měchýře je podporováno. Kombinovaná ChT obsahující cisplatinu je standardní u pokročilých nebo metastatických pacientů, kteří jsou dostatečně zdatní, aby tolerovali cisplatinu. ChT na bázi karboplatiny se doporučuje u pacientů nevhodných pro cisplatinu. Pembrolizumab nebo atezolizumab jsou alternativní volbou pro pacienty, kteří jsou PD-L1-pozitivní a nejsou způsobilí pro ChT na bázi cisplatiny. Prvním konjugátem protilátka-lék, který přinesl povzbudivé údaje, byl enfortumab vedotin. Erdafitinib je pan-FGFR tyrozinkinázový inhibitor a první Úřadem pro kontrolu potravin a léčiv ve Spojených státech amerických (FDA) schválená cílená terapie pro metastatický uroteliální karcinom s alterací FGFR2/3 po chemoterapii obsahující platinu.
Treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) should follow a risk-stratified approach with transurethral resection (TUR) and intravesical chemotherapy (ChT) or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine (BCG) in intermediate- and high-risk patients. The use of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer is supported. Cisplatin-containing combination ChT is standard in advanced or metastatic patients fit enough to tolerate cisplatin. Carboplatin-based ChT is recommended in patients unfit for cisplatin. Pembrolizumab or atezolizumab are alternative choices for patients who are PD-L1-positive and not eligible for cisplatin-based ChT. The first antibody drug conjugate to report encouraging data was enfortumab vedotin. Erdafitinib is a pan-FGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor and the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved targeted therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma with FGFR2/3 alterations following platinum-containing chemotherapy.
- MeSH
- inhibitory kontrolních bodů farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- karcinom z přechodných buněk * farmakoterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory močového měchýře * farmakoterapie MeSH
- platina farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
PURPOSE: Platinum-based doublets with concurrent and maintenance bevacizumab are standard therapy for ovarian cancer (OC) relapsing after a platinum-free interval (PFI) >6 months. Immunotherapy may be synergistic with bevacizumab and chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: ATALANTE/ENGOT-ov29 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02891824), a placebo-controlled double-blinded randomized phase III trial, enrolled patients with recurrent epithelial OC, one to two previous chemotherapy lines, and PFI >6 months. Eligible patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to atezolizumab (1,200 mg once every 3 weeks or equivalent) or placebo for up to 24 months, combined with bevacizumab and six cycles of chemotherapy doublet, stratified by PFI, PD-L1 status, and chemotherapy regimen. Coprimary end points were investigator-assessed progression-free survival (PFS) in the intention-to-treat (ITT) and PD-L1-positive populations (alpha .025 for each population). RESULTS: Between September 2016 and October 2019, 614 patients were randomly assigned: 410 to atezolizumab and 204 to placebo. Only 38% had PD-L1-positive tumors. After 3 years' median follow-up, the PFS difference between atezolizumab and placebo did not reach statistical significance in the ITT (hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.99; P = .041; median 13.5 v 11.3 months, respectively) or PD-L1-positive (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.16; P = .30; median 15.2 v 13.1 months, respectively) populations. The immature overall survival (OS) HR was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.65 to 1.01; median 35.5 v 30.6 months with atezolizumab v placebo, respectively). Global health-related quality of life did not differ between treatment arms. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 88% of atezolizumab-treated and 87% of placebo-treated patients; grade ≥3 AEs typical of immunotherapy were more common with atezolizumab (13% v 8%, respectively). CONCLUSION: ATALANTE/ENGOT-ov29 did not meet its coprimary PFS objectives in the ITT or PD-L1-positive populations. OS follow-up continues. Further research on biopsy samples is warranted to decipher the immunologic landscape of late-relapsing OC.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD274 * terapeutické užití MeSH
- bevacizumab MeSH
- epiteliální ovariální karcinom farmakoterapie MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru farmakoterapie MeSH
- nádory vaječníků * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- platina terapeutické užití MeSH
- protokoly protinádorové kombinované chemoterapie terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
