BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is a well-recognized symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS) that can manifest early in the disease course. Deficits in cognitive function can have a major impact on daily life. However, cognitive decline is often under-examined in clinical trials and clinical practice due to lack of adequate data. The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal effect of ocrelizumab vs interferon beta (IFNβ)-1a on cognitive impairment in 2 phase 3 studies in relapsing MS (RMS). METHODS: The pooled population of participants with RMS (n = 1656) from the OPERA I/II clinical trials received subcutaneous IFNβ-1a (44 μg; n = 829) 3 times weekly or intravenous ocrelizumab (600 mg; n = 827) every 24 weeks. Cognition was assessed with a Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), administered in written or oral form according to each site investigator's choice, that primarily measured cognitive processing speed at baseline and every 12 weeks until the end of the double-blind treatment (96 weeks). Treatment effects were investigated based on longitudinal linear models for the change from baseline in SDMT and Cox regression for the time to 12- or 24-week confirmed decline of ≥4 points. RESULTS: Among the participants with an SDMT assessment at baseline and ≥1 postbaseline time point (IFNβ-1a, n = 749; ocrelizumab, n = 766), ocrelizumab treatment was associated with a greater mean SDMT improvement over 96 weeks than IFNβ-1a treatment (5.4 [95 % CI, 4.4-6.5] vs 4.0 [95 % CI, 3.0-5.1]; adjusted mean difference, 1.4 [95 % CI, 0.05-2.72]; P = 0.042). The risk of a clinically meaningful SDMT decline (≥4 points) was lower for those treated with ocrelizumab for both ≥12 weeks (IFNβ-1a, 18.4 %; ocrelizumab, 12.7 %; hazard ratio, 0.63 [95 % CI, 0.47-0.85]; P = 0.003) and ≥24 weeks (IFNβ-1a, 12.9 %; ocrelizumab, 7.9 %; HR, 0.57 [95 % CI, 0.39-0.82]; P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Ocrelizumab treatment resulted in better cognitive outcomes as measured by SDMT in participants with RMS compared with IFNβ-1a treatment. However, methodological limitations need to be considered when interpreting these data. CLINICALTRIALS: gov: NCT01247324, NCT01412333.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• imunologické faktory * aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• interferon beta 1a * aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• kognitivní dysfunkce etiologie   farmakoterapie   chemicky indukované   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze III MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may demonstrate better disease control when treatment is initiated on high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) from onset. This subgroup analysis assessed the long-term efficacy and safety profile of the high-efficacy DMT ocrelizumab (OCR) as first-line therapy for early-stage relapsing MS (RMS). METHODS: Post hoc exploratory analyses of efficacy and safety were performed in a subgroup of treatment-naive patients with RMS who received ≥1 dose of OCR in the multicenter OPERA I/II (NCT01247324/NCT01412333) studies. Patients were randomized to OCR or interferon β-1a for 96 weeks (double-blind controlled treatment period [DBP]), before switching to OCR in the open-label extension (OLE). Efficacy assessments included no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3), 24-week confirmed disability progression (CDP), MRI lesion activity, change in whole-brain volume; with safety outcomes assessed over a 9-year treatment period. RESULTS: Overall, 757 patients were included (interferon-treated n = 382, mean age 36.3 years, 65.7% female; OCR-treated n = 375, mean age 35.5 years, 64.0% female); 505 of 757 (66.7%) completed 9 years of follow-up. The difference in NEDA status between OCR-treated and interferon-treated patients achieved during the DBP (72.5% and 43.8%, respectively, odds ratio 3.48, 95% CI 2.52-4.81) was maintained throughout the 7-year OLE (48.2% vs 25.7%; odds ratio 2.72, 95% CI 1.94-3.82). No 24-week CDP was observed in 78.7% of OCR-treated patients over 9 years. Brain volume loss over the entire study period remained numerically higher among patients starting OCR later (p = 0.09 at OLE at week 336). During the DBP, safety profiles in both groups were similar; no new safety signals were observed during the OLE. Over >9 years of continuous OCR treatment, the rate of infections remained low and stable over time. DISCUSSION: A higher proportion of OCR-treated patients achieved NEDA status compared with interferon-treated patients during the DBP, which was maintained throughout the OLE. After switching to OCR, disability accrual and brain volume loss among interferon-treated patients became similar to the OCR-OCR group, but disability and brain volume loss accrued during interferon treatment were not recovered. Possible study limitations include assessment bias due to unmaintained blinding during the OLE. These data support OCR as first-line therapy for these patients. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class II evidence that OCR delays disease progression in treatment-naïve patients with early-stage RMS.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• imunologické faktory * škodlivé účinky   aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• interferon beta 1a terapeutické užití   aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Anti-drug antibodies (ADA) reduce the efficacy of immunotherapies in multiple sclerosis (MS) and are associated with increased disease progression risk. Blood biomarkers predicting immunogenicity to biopharmaceuticals represent an unmet clinical need. Patients with relapsing remitting (RR)MS were recruited before (baseline), three, and 12 (M12) months after commencing interferon-beta treatment. Neutralising ADA-status was determined at M12, and patients were stratified at baseline according to their M12 ADA-status (ADA-positive/ADA-negative). Patients stratified as ADA-positive were characterised by an early dampened response to interferon-beta (prior to serum ADA detection) and distinct proinflammatory transcriptomic/proteomic peripheral blood signatures enriched for 'immune response activation' including phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ and NFκB-signalling pathways both at baseline and throughout the treatment course, compared to ADA-negative patients. These immunogenicity-associated proinflammatory signatures significantly overlapped with signatures of MS disease severity. Thus, whole blood molecular profiling is a promising tool for prediction of ADA-development in RRMS and could provide insight into mechanisms of immunogenicity.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interferon beta * terapeutické užití   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proteomika * MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   imunologie   krev   MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza farmakoterapie   imunologie   krev   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• transkriptom * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Roztroušená skleróza (RS) je chronické a nevyléčitelné autoimunitní onemocnění centrálního nervového systému (CNS). Cílem chorobu­ modifikující léčby (DMT - disease modifying therapy) je zpomalit progresi onemocnění, zabránit relapsům a zvýšit celkovou kvalitu života pacienta. Adherence označuje míru spolupráce pacienta při léčbě a je nezbytná pro účinnou léčbu. Non-adherence je spojená s rizikem progrese disability a se zvýšenými náklady na zdravotní péči. Cílem tohoto článku je představení tří kazuistik pacientů s vysoce účinnou terapií (HET - high efficacy therapy). První pacientka je léčena HET od počátku choroby a má výbornou adherenci. Druhá kazuistika referuje o pacientce s non­‐adherencí na interferonu beta s následnou těžkou atakou po vysazení léčby. Pacientka je nyní stabilizovaná na ocrelizumabu. Třetí pacientka měla nežádoucí účinky na perorální léčbě dimethyl fumarátem a byla také převedena na ocrelizumab.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and incurable autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The goals of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) are to slow down disease progression, prevent relapses, and increase the overall quality of life of the patient. Adherence refers to the degree to which a patient complies with prescribed treatment and as such is required for the treatment to be effective. Non-adherence is associated with a risk of disability progression and increased healthcare costs. The aim of the article is to present three case reports of female patients on high-efficacy therapy (HET). Patient 1 has been treated with HET since disease onset and has excellent adherence. The second case report presents a patient with non-adherence to interferon beta with a subsequent severe attack following treatment discontinuation. The patient is now stabilized with ocrelizumab. Patient 3 had experienced adverse effects while on oral treatment with dimethyl fumarate and was also switched to ocrelizumab.

• Klíčová slova
• ocrelizumab,
• MeSH
• adherence k farmakoterapii statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dimethyl fumarát škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * ekonomika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunologické faktory ekonomika   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• interferon beta škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• intravenózní podání MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: To mimic as closely as possible a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and calibrate the real-world evidence (RWE) studies against a known treatment effect would be helpful to understand if RWE can support causal conclusions in selected circumstances. The aim was to emulate the TRANSFORMS trial comparing Fingolimod (FTY) versus intramuscular interferon β-1a (IFN) using observational data. METHODS: We extracted from the MSBase registry all the patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) collected in the period 2011-2021 who received IFN or FTY (0.5 mg) and with the same inclusion and exclusion criteria of the TRANSFORMS RCT. The primary endpoint was the annualised relapse rate (ARR) over 12 months. Patients were 1:1 propensity-score (PS) matched. Relapse-rate ratio (RR) was calculated by mean of a negative binomial regression. RESULTS: A total of 4376 patients with RRMS (1140 in IFN and 3236 in FTY) were selected. After PS, 856 patients in each group were matched. The ARR was 0.45 in IFN and 0.25 in FTY with a significant difference between the two groups (RR: 0.55, 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.68; p<0.001). The result of the emulation was very similar and fell within the 95% CI of that observed in the RCT (RR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.64; p<0.001) with a standardised difference of 0.66 (p=0.51). CONCLUSIONS: By applying the same inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the RCT and employing appropriate methodology, we successfully replicated the RCT results with only minor discrepancies. Also, even if the confounding bias cannot be fully eliminated, conducting a rigorous target trial emulation could still yield valuable insights for comparative effectiveness research.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fingolimod hydrochlorid * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunosupresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• interferon beta 1a * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma * MeSH
• registrace * MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment intervention with immunomodulating therapy at early disease stage improves short term clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to describe the long-term outcomes and healthcare utilization of patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) included in the Betaferon®/Betaseron® in Newly Emerging MS for Initial Treatment (BENEFIT) randomized, parallel group trial. In BENEFIT patients were assigned to "early" IFNB-1b treatment or placebo ("delayed" treatment). After 2 years or conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS), all patients were offered IFNB-1b and were reassessed 15 years later. Of 468 patients, 261 (55.8%) were enrolled into BENEFIT 15 (161 [55.1%] from the early, 100 [56.8%] from the delayed treatment arm). In the full BENEFIT analysis set, risk of conversion to CDMS remained lower in the early treatment group ( - 30.5%; hazard ratio 0.695 [95% CI, 0.547-0.883]; p = 0.0029) with a 15.7% lower risk of relapse than in the delayed treatment group (p = 0.1008). Overall, 25 patients (9.6%; 9.9% early, 9.0% delayed) converted to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Disability remained low and stable with no significant difference between groups in Expanded Disability Status Scale score or MRI metrics. Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task-3 scores were better in the early treatment group (p = 0.0036 for treatment effect over 15 years). 66.3% of patients were still employed at Year 15 versus 74.7% at baseline. In conclusion, results 15 years from initial randomization support long-term benefits of early treatment with IFNB-1b.

• MeSH
• demyelinizační nemoci farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• interferon beta 1b * terapeutické užití   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune demyelinating disease that secondarily leads to axonal loss and associated brain atrophy. Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) have previously been studied for their ability to affect specific immunity. This study investigates the effect of interferon beta-1a (INF) and glatiramer acetate (GA) administration on changes in innate immunity cell populations. METHODS: Sixty Caucasian female patients with relapsing-remitting MS undergo blood sample testing for 15 blood parameters at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment by GA or IFN (started as their first-line DMD). RESULTS: A statistically significant difference in the change after 6 months was found in the parameter monocytes (relative count) in the group of patients treated with IFN. The median increase was 27.8%. Changes in many of the other 15 parameters studied were 10-20%. CONCLUSION: Innate immunity has long been neglected in MS immunopathology. The findings suggest that IFN treatment may modulate the immune response in MS by affecting monocyte function and may provide insight into the mechanisms of action of IFN in MS.

• MeSH
• glatiramer acetát terapeutické užití   MeSH
• interferon beta 1a terapeutické užití   MeSH
• interferon beta terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• peptidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous comparisons of multiple disease-modifying therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) over an extended follow-up are lacking. Here we emulate a randomised trial simultaneously comparing the effectiveness of six commonly used therapies over 5 years. METHODS: Data from 74 centres in 35 countries were sourced from MSBase. For each patient, the first eligible intervention was analysed, censoring at change/discontinuation of treatment. The compared interventions included natalizumab, fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, interferon beta, glatiramer acetate and no treatment. Marginal structural Cox models (MSMs) were used to estimate the average treatment effects (ATEs) and the average treatment effects among the treated (ATT), rebalancing the compared groups at 6-monthly intervals on age, sex, birth-year, pregnancy status, treatment, relapses, disease duration, disability and disease course. The outcomes analysed were incidence of relapses, 12-month confirmed disability worsening and improvement. RESULTS: 23 236 eligible patients were diagnosed with RRMS or clinically isolated syndrome. Compared with glatiramer acetate (reference), several therapies showed a superior ATE in reducing relapses: natalizumab (HR=0.44, 95% CI=0.40 to 0.50), fingolimod (HR=0.60, 95% CI=0.54 to 0.66) and dimethyl fumarate (HR=0.78, 95% CI=0.66 to 0.92). Further, natalizumab (HR=0.43, 95% CI=0.32 to 0.56) showed a superior ATE in reducing disability worsening and in disability improvement (HR=1.32, 95% CI=1.08 to 1.60). The pairwise ATT comparisons also showed superior effects of natalizumab followed by fingolimod on relapses and disability. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of natalizumab and fingolimod in active RRMS is superior to dimethyl fumarate, teriflunomide, glatiramer acetate and interferon beta. This study demonstrates the utility of MSM in emulating trials to compare clinical effectiveness among multiple interventions simultaneously.

• MeSH
• dimethyl fumarát terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fingolimod hydrochlorid terapeutické užití   MeSH
• glatiramer acetát terapeutické užití   MeSH
• imunosupresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• interferon beta terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• natalizumab terapeutické užití   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

• MeSH
• abnormality vyvolané léky epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• imunologické faktory metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• interferon beta metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kojení MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• trimestry těhotenství účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Roztroušená skleróza (RS) je chronické autoimunitní a neurodegenerativní onemocnění postihující mozek a míchu. Onemocnění začíná nejčastěji mezi 20.-30. rokem věku a vyskytuje se třikrát častěji u žen. Léčbu je nutné zahájit co nejdříve po stanovení diagnózy. U pacientek ve fertilním věku je vhodné zvolit lék, jehož podávání je bezpečné i po početí.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and neurodegenerative disease affecting the brain and spinal cord. Most often the disease begins between the ages of 20-30 and occurs three times as often in women. Treatment is initiated early, preferably after the first symptom of the disease. In patients of childbearing age, it is advisable to choose a drug that is safe after conception. The period of pregnancy has a favourable effect on the course of the disease, with a decrease in activity in most cases. In stable patients, therapy is discontinued. If patients have unplanned pregnancy and the disease is not stable, therapy with certain drugs can be continued. This communication gives an overview of the drugs that can be given not only during pregnancy but also during lactation. The procedures used in the care of women after childbirth and during lactation are mentioned. Stabilized patients are assured of safe therapy during this time and can continue breastfeeding for 4-6 months. Other drugs from both the first and escalation lines do not yet have a proven safety profile during pregnancy or lactation and are therefore not mentioned in the article.

• MeSH
• glatiramer acetát škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• interferon beta škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kojení MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• roztroušená skleróza * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH