The pungency of chili peppers, the most popular hot spice used worldwide, is caused by capsaicinoids (CPDs), the content of which can vary greatly due to varietal differences and growing conditions. For the first time, a novel simple method for the fast determination of CPDs in chili peppers and chili products was developed based on adsorptive transfer cyclic square-wave voltammetry (AdTCSWV), using adsorption of lipophilic CPDs on an unmodified glassy carbon electrode surface from methanolic extracts of chili pepper samples. The CSWV is based on short oxidation of adsorbed CPDs to quinoid products, and their subsequent reduction and re-oxidation to provide specific analytical signals with a linear range from 0.05 to 1.00 mg L-1. This principle was also implemented in tandem coulometric and amperometric detection of CPDs after HPLC separation. The two-step electrochemical detection provides increased selectivity for CPDs in case of CPDs co-elution with other electrochemically oxidizable components that cannot be reversibly reduced.
In recent years, multifunctional nanocarriers that provide simultaneous drug delivery and imaging have attracted enormous attention, especially in cancer treatment. In this research, a biocompatible fluorescent multifunctional nanocarrier is designed for the co-delivery of capsaicin (CPS) and nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) using the pH sensitive amphiphilic block copolymer (poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone), PEtOx-b-PCL). The effects of the critical formulation parameters (the amount of copolymer, the concentration of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a stabilizing agent in the inner aqueous phase, and volume of the inner phase) are evaluated to achieve optimal nanoparticle (NP) properties using Central Composite Design. The optimized NPs demonstrated a desirable size distribution (167.8 ± 1.4 nm) with a negative surface charge (-19.9 ± 0.4) and a suitable loading capacity for CPS (70.80 ± 0.05%). The CPS & N-GQD NPs are found to have remarkable toxicity on human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7). The solid fluorescent signal is acquired from cells containing multifunctional NPs, according to the confocal microscope imaging results, confirming the significant cellular uptake. This research illustrates the enormous potential for cellular imaging and enhanced cancer therapy offered by multifunctional nanocarriers that combine drug substances with the novel fluorescent agents.
- MeSH
- dusík * chemie MeSH
- fluorescenční barviva chemie MeSH
- grafit * chemie MeSH
- kapsaicin * chemie farmakologie MeSH
- kvantové tečky * chemie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- nanočástice * chemie MeSH
- nosiče léků chemie MeSH
- polymery chemie MeSH
- protinádorové látky * farmakologie chemie MeSH
- teranostická nanomedicína * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- dermatologické látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- fytoterapie * metody MeSH
- kapsaicin terapeutické užití MeSH
- kožní nemoci * farmakoterapie MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pruritus farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic respiratory disease of childhood. Cough is one of its defining symptoms. This study investigated the associations between selected inflammatory biomarkers and cough reflex sensitivity after capsaicin inhalation in children with mild and moderate well-controlled type 2 endotype asthma compared with non-asthmatic probands. Sensitivity to the cough reflex was measured by recording the cough response after capsaicin inhalation. The sandwich ELISA method was used to measure serum concentrations of the investigated potential inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin 13, interleukin 1beta, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin). The acquired data were statistically evaluated according to descriptive analyses for summarization and comparison between cough reflex sensitivity parameters and individual biomarker values in the observed and control groups modeled by a simple linear regression model. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. We showed a statistically significant association (p-value 0.03) between cough reflex sensitivity - C2 value (capsaicin concentration required for two cough responses) and interleukin 1beta serum concentrations in the asthma group compared with the control group of non-asthmatic children. Our results support the possibility of interleukin 1beta as a potential additive inflammatory biomarker used in clinical practice in children with asthma because of its correlation with the activity of the afferent nerve endings in the airways.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- bronchiální astma * diagnóza komplikace MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- interleukin-1beta MeSH
- kapsaicin MeSH
- kašel * etiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- reflex fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- analgetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- chronická bolest * farmakoterapie MeSH
- kapsaicin terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- marihuana pro léčebné účely terapeutické užití MeSH
- neuralgie farmakoterapie MeSH
- průlomová bolest farmakoterapie MeSH
- zácpa způsobená opioidy farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Qutenza,
- MeSH
- aplikace kožní MeSH
- chronická bolest farmakoterapie MeSH
- kapsaicin * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuralgie * farmakoterapie MeSH
- transdermální náplast MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- aplikace lokální MeSH
- kapsaicin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- látky ovlivňující centrální nervový systém aplikace a dávkování farmakologie klasifikace škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- management bolesti * dějiny MeSH
- neuralgie * farmakoterapie klasifikace patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Obesity is characterized by chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation. Obesity may also be associated with chronic cough. The aim of this pilot study was to clarify relation of cough reflex sensitivity and body mass index (BMI) in children with chronic cough. Altogether 41 children having symptoms of chronic cough were submitted to cough reflex sensitivity measurement. We assessed the relation of cough reflex sensitivity (CKR) due to BMI. Cough reflex sensitivity was defined as the lowest capsaicin concentration which evoked two (C2) or five (C5) coughs. Capsaicin aerosol in doubling concentrations (from 0.61 to 1250 micromol/l) was inhaled by a single breath method (KoKo DigiDoser; nSpire heath Inc, Louisville, CO, USA), modified by the addition of an inspiratory flow regulator valve (RIFR; nSpire heath Inc, Louisville, CO, USA). BMI was calculated. Pulmonary function was within normal range. Concentrations of capsaicin causing two (C2) and five coughs (C5) were reported. Children (22 boys and 19 girls, mean age 6.8 years) cough reflex sensitivity (median, with the Inter-Quartile Range) for C2 was 19.5 (73.4) micromol/l; for C5 it was 78.1 (605.5) micromol/l. We have noticed statistically significant relation of the cough reflex sensitivity (C5) and body mass index (P<0.0001); however, the effect size was small, R2=0.03. Increase of body mass index in one unit is associated with -34.959 micromol/l decrease of C5. We did not find a statistically significant relation between C2 and BMI (P=0.41). The median value of CKR (C2) in boys is not statistically significantly different than the median value of CKR (C2) in girls (P-value 0.5). The median value of CKR (C5) in boys is not statistically significantly different than the median value of CKR (C5) in girls (P-value 0.5). Increase of body mass index in children suffering from chronic cough relates to decrease of cough reflex sensitivity (C5 value).
- MeSH
- alergie patofyziologie MeSH
- chronická nemoc MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- kapsaicin škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kašel chemicky indukované patofyziologie MeSH
- látky ovlivňující senzorický systém škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- reflex fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
