Two new gonad-infecting species of Philometra Costa, 1845 (Philometridae), P. brevicollis sp. n. and P. mira sp. n., are described from the ovary of the brownstripe red snapper, Lutjanus vitta (Quoy et Gaimard) (Lutjanidae, Perciformes), from the South Pacific Ocean off the coast of New Caledonia. Based on light and scanning electron microscopy examination, these new nematodes are compared with all other gonad-infecting species of Philometra. The former species (males and mature and gravid females available) mainly differs from its congeners in the length of males (5.39–5.92 mm), equally long spicules (279–312 μm), and the gubernaculum (151–168 μm), in that the distal end of the gubernaculum bears dorsolateral transverse lamella-like structures, and in the structure of the male caudal end. The latter species (only males available) is characterized by the length of males (3.47–3.66 mm), equally long spicules (96–105 μm), and the gubernaculum (78–84 μm), the absence of a dorsal reflected barb or lamella-like structures on the distal end of gubernaculum, and by the structure of the male caudal end. Judging from the occurrence in the host, P. brevicollis is the main philometrid parasitizing the gonads of L. vitta, in which it can reproduce, whereas this fish probably serves as only the paradefinitive host for P. mira. Both P. brevicollis and P. mira are the first nominal species of Philometra described from fishes of the family Lutjanidae.

Aquarium des Lagons B P 8185 98807 Nouméa New Caledonia

Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic České Budějovice

UMR 7138 Systématique Adaptation Évolution Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle 57 rue Cuvier 75231 Paris cedex 05 France

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