V rokoch 2004−2013 bolo na našom pracovisku hospitalizovaných 2 320 pacientov s termickým poranením, z nich 87 utrpelo popáleniny elektrickým prúdom (3,75 %). Väčšinu elektricky popálených tvorili muži v počte 67 (76,74 %), potom deti v počte 18 (20,94 %) nakoniec 2 ženy (2,32 %). Mechanizmus popálenia v skupine mužov bol v 54,1 % priamy kontakt zo zdrojom prúdu, v 37,9 % popálenina elektrickým oblúkom, v 6,1 % vznietenie šatstva a následné popálenie plameňom, v 1,5 % prípadu popálenina bleskom. Mechanizmus popálenia v skupine detí bol v 83,4 % kontaktné poranenie, 16,6 % popálenie elektrickým oblúkom, v tejto skupine sa nevyskytol prípad vznietenia alebo popálenia bleskom. V skupine žien (2 prípady) u oboch došlo ku kontaktnej popálenine, nevyskytol sa úraz elektrickým oblúkom, vznietením alebo bleskom. Priemerný rozsah popáleninovej plochy v skupine mužov bol 11,7 % plochy tela, v skupine detí 5,8% plochy tela a 2 % plochy tela v skupine žien. Chirurgickú liečbu (nekrektómia, kožná transplantácia, laloková plastika, amputácia) si vyžiadalo 41 prípadov v skupine mužov, 15 prípadov v skupine detí a v oboch (2) prípadoch skupiny žien.

Background: There were totally 2320 patients during the period 2004–2013 hospitalised in our workplace with thermal injury, 87 of which were electric burns (3.75%). Results: The majority of electric burns occurred to men − 67 cases (76.74%), then to children - 18 cases (20.94%) and the rest to women – 2 cases (2.32%). The mechanism of injury to the group of men was direct contact with the source of current (54.5%), electric arc injury (37.9%), ignition of clothes and subsequently flame (6.1%), and lightning injury (1.5%). The cause of injury to the group of children was contact injury (83.4%), electric arc injury (16.6%); no ignition or lightning injury occurred. The cause of injury in the group of women (2 cases) was contact injury for both; no arc, ignition or lighting injury occurred. The average extent of burn wounds was 11.7% in the group of men, 5.83% in the group of children and 2% in the group of women. Surgical treatment (necrectomy, skin grafting, flap, and amputation) was necessary in 41 cases in the group of men, in 15 cases in the group of children and in 2 cases in the group of women. Discussion and conclusion: Electric injury is a common problem in modern world. Some authors reported a 16.9% contribution of electric injuries of all hospitalised burn patients. There were 3.75% electric injury cases of all hospitalised burn patients in our department in the last nine years. The occurrence varies from year to year.

Department of Burns and Reconstructive Surgery Hospital Košice Šaca Slovakia

Popáleniny elektrickým prúdom na našom pracovisku