Aktuálně se v ČR prosazují zpřísněné podmínky pro jmenování znalců pro soudní lékařství. Nejvýznamnějším je požadavek na jmenování až po 10 letech od ukončení vysokoškolského studia, což je v rozporu se zvyklostmi ověřenými průzkumem u krajských soudů. V letech 2004–2013 celých 75 procent nově jmenovaných znalců v době svého jmenování nesplňovalo aktuálně nastavený požadavek na délku praxe. Podmínky pro jmenování by proto měly do budoucna zohledňovat specifika jednotlivých medicínských oborů.

In the Czech Republic, forensic medicine is an independent medical field, in which physicians with the appropriate attestation perform expert activities, especially in criminal proceedings, after being formally appointed by a regional court. In order to improve the quality of the activities provided by these experts, the Ministry of Justice is endeavouring to tighten up the general conditions for the appointment of new forensic experts. The individual criteria do not, however, take into account the special nature of forensic medicine as a medical field, the very essence of which involves the specialist qualifications which are necessary for the provision of expert opinions, most frequently to the police. In particular, the introduction of a strict requirement for ten-years of work experience after leaving medical school has hindered and stalled the entrance of young physicians with completed post-graduate studies into the area of forensic medicine. An inquiry sent to the regional courts has discovered that the average length of work experience for newly appointed experts in the period from 2004 to 2013 was 8.2 years, that half of them had work experience of seven years or less and that 75 percent of the newly appointed experts did not meet any set requirements for the length of their work experience at the time of their appointment. The new conditions may have a negative impact on attracting qualified graduates to forensic medicine after the completion of their medical studies and in the long term it may endanger the ability of the field of forensic medicine to provide expert opinions in criminal proceedings. In conclusion, it is the author’s opinion that the appointment conditions should be set in cooperation with the professional medical associations and that they should take into account the specific characteristics of the individual medical fields, especially if they are to be set directly by means of a legal regulation within the framework of the recodification of the standing of forensic experts in the Czech Republic.

Ústav soudního lékařství Lékařské fakulty Masarykovy univerzity a Fakultní nemocnice u sv Anny v Brně

Criteria for appointing experts in forensic medicine