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Climate-driven introduction of the Black Death and successive plague reintroductions into Europe
BV. Schmid, U. Büntgen, WR. Easterday, C. Ginzler, L. Walløe, B. Bramanti, NC. Stenseth,
Language English Country United States
Document type Historical Article, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
NLK
Free Medical Journals
from 1915 to 6 months ago
Freely Accessible Science Journals
from 1915 to 6 months ago
PubMed Central
from 1915 to 6 months ago
Europe PubMed Central
from 1915 to 6 months ago
Open Access Digital Library
from 1915-01-15
Open Access Digital Library
from 1915-01-01
- MeSH
- History, Medieval MeSH
- Disease Outbreaks history MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Plague epidemiology transmission MeSH
- Climate * MeSH
- Check Tag
- History, Medieval MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Historical Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
The Black Death, originating in Asia, arrived in the Mediterranean harbors of Europe in 1347 CE, via the land and sea trade routes of the ancient Silk Road system. This epidemic marked the start of the second plague pandemic, which lasted in Europe until the early 19th century. This pandemic is generally understood as the consequence of a singular introduction of Yersinia pestis, after which the disease established itself in European rodents over four centuries. To locate these putative plague reservoirs, we studied the climate fluctuations that preceded regional plague epidemics, based on a dataset of 7,711 georeferenced historical plague outbreaks and 15 annually resolved tree-ring records from Europe and Asia. We provide evidence for repeated climate-driven reintroductions of the bacterium into European harbors from reservoirs in Asia, with a delay of 15 ± 1 y. Our analysis finds no support for the existence of permanent plague reservoirs in medieval Europe.
Department of Physiology Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo NO 0372 Oslo Norway
Global Change Research Centre AS CR v v i CZ 60300 Brno Czech Republic
Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of Bern CH 3012 Bern Switzerland
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a The Black Death, originating in Asia, arrived in the Mediterranean harbors of Europe in 1347 CE, via the land and sea trade routes of the ancient Silk Road system. This epidemic marked the start of the second plague pandemic, which lasted in Europe until the early 19th century. This pandemic is generally understood as the consequence of a singular introduction of Yersinia pestis, after which the disease established itself in European rodents over four centuries. To locate these putative plague reservoirs, we studied the climate fluctuations that preceded regional plague epidemics, based on a dataset of 7,711 georeferenced historical plague outbreaks and 15 annually resolved tree-ring records from Europe and Asia. We provide evidence for repeated climate-driven reintroductions of the bacterium into European harbors from reservoirs in Asia, with a delay of 15 ± 1 y. Our analysis finds no support for the existence of permanent plague reservoirs in medieval Europe.
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- $a Büntgen, Ulf $u Dendroecology, Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Global Change Research Centre AS CR, v.v.i., CZ-60300 Brno, Czech Republic; and.
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