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A role for palindromic structures in the cis-region of maize Sirevirus LTRs in transposable element evolution and host epigenetic response
A. Bousios, CM. Diez, S. Takuno, V. Bystry, N. Darzentas, BS. Gaut,
Language English Country United States
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
NLK
Free Medical Journals
from 1991 to 6 months ago
Freely Accessible Science Journals
from 1991-08-01 to 1 year ago
PubMed Central
from 1997 to 6 months ago
Europe PubMed Central
from 1997 to 6 months ago
Open Access Digital Library
from 1991-08-01
Open Access Digital Library
from 1991-08-01
PubMed
26631490
DOI
10.1101/gr.193763.115
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- MeSH
- Epigenesis, Genetic MeSH
- Gene Expression MeSH
- Terminal Repeat Sequences MeSH
- Conserved Sequence MeSH
- Zea mays genetics metabolism MeSH
- RNA, Small Interfering genetics MeSH
- DNA Methylation MeSH
- Evolution, Molecular MeSH
- Inverted Repeat Sequences MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant MeSH
- Genes, Plant MeSH
- Plant Viruses genetics MeSH
- Base Sequence MeSH
- DNA Transposable Elements MeSH
- Genes, Viral MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
Transposable elements (TEs) proliferate within the genome of their host, which responds by silencing them epigenetically. Much is known about the mechanisms of silencing in plants, particularly the role of siRNAs in guiding DNA methylation. In contrast, little is known about siRNA targeting patterns along the length of TEs, yet this information may provide crucial insights into the dynamics between hosts and TEs. By focusing on 6456 carefully annotated, full-length Sirevirus LTR retrotransposons in maize, we show that their silencing associates with underlying characteristics of the TE sequence and also uncover three features of the host-TE interaction. First, siRNA mapping varies among families and among elements, but particularly along the length of elements. Within the cis-regulatory portion of the LTRs, a complex palindrome-rich region acts as a hotspot of both siRNA matching and sequence evolution. These patterns are consistent across leaf, tassel, and immature ear libraries, but particularly emphasized for floral tissues and 21- to 22-nt siRNAs. Second, this region has the ability to form hairpins, making it a potential template for the production of miRNA-like, hairpin-derived small RNAs. Third, Sireviruses are targeted by siRNAs as a decreasing function of their age, but the oldest elements remain highly targeted, partially by siRNAs that cross-map to the youngest elements. We show that the targeting of older Sireviruses reflects their conserved palindromes. Altogether, we hypothesize that the palindromes aid the silencing of active elements and influence transposition potential, siRNA targeting levels, and ultimately the fate of an element within the genome.
Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University 62500 Brno Czech Republic
Department of Agronomy University of Cordoba 14014 Cordoba Spain
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology UC Irvine Irvine California 92697 USA
Institute of Applied Biosciences Centre for Research and Technology Hellas 57001 Thessaloniki Greece
School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Brighton BN1 9RH United Kingdom
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a Transposable elements (TEs) proliferate within the genome of their host, which responds by silencing them epigenetically. Much is known about the mechanisms of silencing in plants, particularly the role of siRNAs in guiding DNA methylation. In contrast, little is known about siRNA targeting patterns along the length of TEs, yet this information may provide crucial insights into the dynamics between hosts and TEs. By focusing on 6456 carefully annotated, full-length Sirevirus LTR retrotransposons in maize, we show that their silencing associates with underlying characteristics of the TE sequence and also uncover three features of the host-TE interaction. First, siRNA mapping varies among families and among elements, but particularly along the length of elements. Within the cis-regulatory portion of the LTRs, a complex palindrome-rich region acts as a hotspot of both siRNA matching and sequence evolution. These patterns are consistent across leaf, tassel, and immature ear libraries, but particularly emphasized for floral tissues and 21- to 22-nt siRNAs. Second, this region has the ability to form hairpins, making it a potential template for the production of miRNA-like, hairpin-derived small RNAs. Third, Sireviruses are targeted by siRNAs as a decreasing function of their age, but the oldest elements remain highly targeted, partially by siRNAs that cross-map to the youngest elements. We show that the targeting of older Sireviruses reflects their conserved palindromes. Altogether, we hypothesize that the palindromes aid the silencing of active elements and influence transposition potential, siRNA targeting levels, and ultimately the fate of an element within the genome.
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