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A Pooled Analysis of Reproductive Factors, Exogenous Hormone Use, and Risk of Multiple Myeloma among Women in the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium
L. Costas, BH. Lambert, BM. Birmann, KB. Moysich, AJ. De Roos, JN. Hofmann, D. Baris, SS. Wang, NJ. Camp, G. Tricot, D. Atanackovic, P. Brennan, P. Cocco, A. Nieters, N. Becker, M. Maynadié, L. Foretová, P. Boffetta, A. Staines, EE. Brown, S. de Sanjosé,
Language English Country United States
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
NLK
Free Medical Journals
from 1991 to 1 year ago
Freely Accessible Science Journals
from 1991 to 12 months ago
Open Access Digital Library
from 1991-11-01
Open Access Digital Library
from 1991-11-01
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Hormone Replacement Therapy adverse effects MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Meta-Analysis as Topic MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Multiple Myeloma etiology MeSH
- Follow-Up Studies MeSH
- Postmenopause * MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Reproductive History * MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Neoplasm Staging MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
BACKGROUND: Female sex hormones are known to have immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use could influence the risk of multiple myeloma in women. However, the role of hormonal factors in multiple myeloma etiology remains unclear because previous investigations were underpowered to detect modest associations. METHODS: We conducted a pooled analysis of seven case-control studies included in the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium, with individual data on reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use from 1,072 female cases and 3,541 female controls. Study-specific odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression and pooled analyses were conducted using random effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Multiple myeloma was not associated with reproductive factors, including ever parous [OR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-1.25], or with hormonal contraception use (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.80-1.36). Postmenopausal hormone therapy users had nonsignificantly reduced risks of multiple myeloma compared with never users, but this association differed across centers (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.37-1.15, I(2) = 76.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support a role for reproductive factors or exogenous hormones in myelomagenesis. IMPACT: Incidence rates of multiple myeloma are higher in men than in women, and sex hormones could influence this pattern. Associations with reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use were inconclusive despite our large sample size, suggesting that female sex hormones may not play a significant role in multiple myeloma etiology.
Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and MF MU Brno Czech Republic
Department of Cancer Prevention and Control Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo New York
Department of Epidemiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa
Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics NCI NIH DHHS Rockville Maryland
Division of Cancer Epidemiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer Lyon France
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a Costas, Laura $u Unit of Infections and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, IDIBELL, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain. Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain. lcostas@iconcologia.net.
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- $a BACKGROUND: Female sex hormones are known to have immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use could influence the risk of multiple myeloma in women. However, the role of hormonal factors in multiple myeloma etiology remains unclear because previous investigations were underpowered to detect modest associations. METHODS: We conducted a pooled analysis of seven case-control studies included in the International Multiple Myeloma Consortium, with individual data on reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use from 1,072 female cases and 3,541 female controls. Study-specific odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression and pooled analyses were conducted using random effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Multiple myeloma was not associated with reproductive factors, including ever parous [OR = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68-1.25], or with hormonal contraception use (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 0.80-1.36). Postmenopausal hormone therapy users had nonsignificantly reduced risks of multiple myeloma compared with never users, but this association differed across centers (OR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.37-1.15, I(2) = 76.0%, Pheterogeneity = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support a role for reproductive factors or exogenous hormones in myelomagenesis. IMPACT: Incidence rates of multiple myeloma are higher in men than in women, and sex hormones could influence this pattern. Associations with reproductive factors and exogenous hormone use were inconclusive despite our large sample size, suggesting that female sex hormones may not play a significant role in multiple myeloma etiology.
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