In 2004, Murray et al. reviewed methodological developments in the design and analysis of group-randomized trials (GRTs). We have updated that review with developments in analysis of the past 13 years, with a companion article to focus on developments in design. We discuss developments in the topics of the earlier review (e.g., methods for parallel-arm GRTs, individually randomized group-treatment trials, and missing data) and in new topics, including methods to account for multiple-level clustering and alternative estimation methods (e.g., augmented generalized estimating equations, targeted maximum likelihood, and quadratic inference functions). In addition, we describe developments in analysis of alternative group designs (including stepped-wedge GRTs, network-randomized trials, and pseudocluster randomized trials), which require clustering to be accounted for in their design and analysis.

Elizabeth L Turner and John A Gallis are with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University Durham NC and the Duke Global Health Institute Duke University Melanie Prague is with the Department of Biostatistics Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health Boston MA and Inria project team SISTM Bordeaux France Fan Li is with the Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Duke University David M Murray is with the Office of Disease Prevention Division of Program Coordination and Strategic Planning and the Office of the Director National Institutes of Health Rockville MD

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