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Risk factors for urinary incontinence among Istanbul women: a hospital based case-control study

Nezihe Kizilkaya Beji, İlkay Güngör, Güliz Onat, Habibe Ayyildiz Erkan, Şule Gökyildiz, Önay Yalçin

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Aim:The study aimed to identify risk factors for urinary incontinence in women over 20 years of age in Istanbul.Design:Thestudy was designed as a descriptive, retrospective, case control study.Methods:The study was conducted inaurogynecological unit at a university hospital in Istanbul. In total, 367 incontinent women who visited theurogynecological unit, and 401 continent women who visited outpatient clinics with other gynecological symptoms were included. Data were gathered via face-to-face interviews, using a questionnaire on risk factors for urinary incontinence. Adjusted odds ratios were given using logistic regression.Results:Variables which were found to be significantly different inchi-square analysis for urinary incontinence were age, education, marital status, number of pregnancies, birthand curettage, characteristics of first vaginal delivery (delivery mode, place, interventions), menopause, hormone therapy,history ofgynecological operation, pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, medicine use,constipation, flatus, hemorrhoids, herniated disc/varicose veins,stria during pregnancy, caffeine > 2cups/day,body mass index (BMI ≥ 25kg/m2), weight gain ≥10kg, fecal incontinence, and history of urinary incontinence in childhood, in patients’ mothers and relatives. When these variables were assessed inmultivariate logistic regression analysis, number of births (“1-birth” OR=38.8;CI=2.2–669.5; “2-births” OR=20.1;CI=1.2–327.4; “≥ 3-births” OR=35.0;CI=1.9–621.8), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2(OR=7.2;CI=2.1–24.1),andhistory of incontinence in mothers (OR=7.2;CI=1.3–37.2) were identified as significant risk factors.Conclusion:The main risk factors for urinary incontinence in the population under study wereidentified to be the number ofbirths as an obstetric risk factor, obesity as alifestyle factor, and ‘incontinence in mothers’ as a familial factor.

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$a Beji, Nezihe Kizilkaya $u Department of Nursing, Health Sciences Faculty, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
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$a Risk factors for urinary incontinence among Istanbul women: a hospital based case-control study / $c Nezihe Kizilkaya Beji, İlkay Güngör, Güliz Onat, Habibe Ayyildiz Erkan, Şule Gökyildiz, Önay Yalçin
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$a Aim:The study aimed to identify risk factors for urinary incontinence in women over 20 years of age in Istanbul.Design:Thestudy was designed as a descriptive, retrospective, case control study.Methods:The study was conducted inaurogynecological unit at a university hospital in Istanbul. In total, 367 incontinent women who visited theurogynecological unit, and 401 continent women who visited outpatient clinics with other gynecological symptoms were included. Data were gathered via face-to-face interviews, using a questionnaire on risk factors for urinary incontinence. Adjusted odds ratios were given using logistic regression.Results:Variables which were found to be significantly different inchi-square analysis for urinary incontinence were age, education, marital status, number of pregnancies, birthand curettage, characteristics of first vaginal delivery (delivery mode, place, interventions), menopause, hormone therapy,history ofgynecological operation, pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, medicine use,constipation, flatus, hemorrhoids, herniated disc/varicose veins,stria during pregnancy, caffeine > 2cups/day,body mass index (BMI ≥ 25kg/m2), weight gain ≥10kg, fecal incontinence, and history of urinary incontinence in childhood, in patients’ mothers and relatives. When these variables were assessed inmultivariate logistic regression analysis, number of births (“1-birth” OR=38.8;CI=2.2–669.5; “2-births” OR=20.1;CI=1.2–327.4; “≥ 3-births” OR=35.0;CI=1.9–621.8), BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2(OR=7.2;CI=2.1–24.1),andhistory of incontinence in mothers (OR=7.2;CI=1.3–37.2) were identified as significant risk factors.Conclusion:The main risk factors for urinary incontinence in the population under study wereidentified to be the number ofbirths as an obstetric risk factor, obesity as alifestyle factor, and ‘incontinence in mothers’ as a familial factor.
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$a Güngör, İlkay $u Department of Womenʼs Health and Gynecologic Nursing, Florence Nightingale Nursing Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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$a Onat, Güliz $u Department of Midwifery, Health Sciences School, KTO Karatay University Konya, Turkey
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$a Erkan, Habibe Ayyildiz $u Department of Urogynecology Clinic, Istanbul Medicine Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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$a Gökyildiz, Şule $u Department of Midwifery, Health Sciences School, Çukurova University,Adana, Turkey
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$a Yalçin, Önay $u Department of Urogynecology Clinic, Istanbul Medicine Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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