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Phylogeny and biogeography of the African burrowing snake subfamily Aparallactinae (Squamata: Lamprophiidae)
F. Portillo, WR. Branch, W. Conradie, MO. Rödel, J. Penner, MF. Barej, C. Kusamba, WM. Muninga, MM. Aristote, AM. Bauer, JF. Trape, ZT. Nagy, P. Carlino, OSG. Pauwels, M. Menegon, M. Burger, T. Mazuch, K. Jackson, DF. Hughes, M. Behangana, AG....
Language English Country United States
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
- MeSH
- Phylogeny * MeSH
- Phylogeography * MeSH
- Snakes anatomy & histology genetics MeSH
- Lizards anatomy & histology classification genetics MeSH
- DNA, Mitochondrial genetics MeSH
- Desert Climate * MeSH
- Likelihood Functions MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Geographicals
- Africa South of the Sahara MeSH
Members of the snake subfamily Aparallactinae occur in various habitats throughout sub-Saharan Africa. The monophyly of aparallactine snakes is well established, but relationships within the subfamily are poorly known. We sampled 158 individuals from six of eight aparallactine genera in sub-Saharan Africa. We employed concatenated gene-tree analyses, divergence dating approaches, and ancestral-area reconstructions to infer phylogenies and biogeographic patterns with a multi-locus data set consisting of three mitochondrial (16S, cyt b, and ND4) and two nuclear genes (c-mos and RAG1). As a result, we uncover several cryptic lineages and elevate a lineage of Polemon to full species status. Diversification occurred predominantly during the Miocene, with a few speciation events occurring subsequently in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Biogeographic analyses suggested that the Zambezian biogeographic region, comprising grasslands and woodlands, facilitated radiations, vicariance, and dispersal for many aparallactines. Moreover, the geographic distributions of many forest species were fragmented during xeric and cooler conditions, which likely led to diversification events. Biogeographic patterns of aparallactine snakes are consistent with previous studies of other sub-Saharan herpetofauna.
Department of Biology Villanova University Villanova PA 19085 USA
Department of Biology Whitman College 345 Boyer Avenue Walla Walla WA 99362 USA
Department of Environmental Sciences Makerere University P O Box 7298 Kampala Uganda
Department of Zoology P O Box 77000 Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth 6031 South Africa
Dříteč 65 53305 Czech Republic
Flora Fauna and Man Ecological Services Ltd Tortola British Virgin Islands
Museo di Storia naturale del Salento Sp Calimera Borgagne km1 73021 Calimera Italy
Port Elizabeth Museum P O Box 11347 Humewood 6013 South Africa
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a Portillo, Frank $u Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W. University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA. Electronic address: fporti15@epcc.edu.
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- $a Members of the snake subfamily Aparallactinae occur in various habitats throughout sub-Saharan Africa. The monophyly of aparallactine snakes is well established, but relationships within the subfamily are poorly known. We sampled 158 individuals from six of eight aparallactine genera in sub-Saharan Africa. We employed concatenated gene-tree analyses, divergence dating approaches, and ancestral-area reconstructions to infer phylogenies and biogeographic patterns with a multi-locus data set consisting of three mitochondrial (16S, cyt b, and ND4) and two nuclear genes (c-mos and RAG1). As a result, we uncover several cryptic lineages and elevate a lineage of Polemon to full species status. Diversification occurred predominantly during the Miocene, with a few speciation events occurring subsequently in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Biogeographic analyses suggested that the Zambezian biogeographic region, comprising grasslands and woodlands, facilitated radiations, vicariance, and dispersal for many aparallactines. Moreover, the geographic distributions of many forest species were fragmented during xeric and cooler conditions, which likely led to diversification events. Biogeographic patterns of aparallactine snakes are consistent with previous studies of other sub-Saharan herpetofauna.
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