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Efficacy of Origanum syriacum Essential Oil against the Mosquito Vector Culex quinquefasciatus and the Gastrointestinal Parasite Anisakis simplex, with Insights on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition

V. López, R. Pavela, C. Gómez-Rincón, F. Les, F. Bartolucci, V. Galiffa, R. Petrelli, L. Cappellacci, F. Maggi, A. Canale, D. Otranto, S. Sut, S. Dall'Acqua, G. Benelli,

. 2019 ; 24 (14) : . [pub] 20190715

Language English Country Switzerland

Document type Journal Article

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc19044662

Grant support
FPI 000044 Università degli Studi di Camerino
RO0418 Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic

Developing effective and eco-friendly antiparasitic drugs and insecticides is an issue of high importance nowadays. In this study, we evaluated the anthelminthic and insecticidal potential of the leaf essential oil obtained from Origanum syriacum against the L3 larvae of the parasitic nematode Anisakis simplex and larvae and adults of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Tests on A. simplex were performed by standard larvicidal and penetration assays, while mosquito toxicity was assessed relying on larvicidal, tarsal contact, and fumigation tests. To shed light on the possible mode of action, we analyzed the oil impact as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. This oil was particularly active on L3 larvae of A. simplex, showing a LC50 of 0.087 and 0.067 mg mL-1 after 24 and 48 h treatment, respectively. O. syriacum essential oil was highly effective on both larvae and adults of C. quinquefasciatus, showing LC50 values of 32.4 mg L-1 and 28.1 µg cm-2, respectively. Its main constituent, carvacrol, achieved larvicidal LC50(90) of 29.5 and 39.2 mg L-1, while contact toxicity assays on adults had an LC50(90) of 25.5 and 35.8 µg cm-2, respectively. In fumigation assays, the LC50 was 12.1 µL L-1 after 1 h and decreased to 1.3 µL L-1 in 24 h of exposure. Similarly, the fumigation LC50 of carvacrol was 8.2 µL L-1 after 1 h of exposure, strongly decreasing to 0.8 µL L-1 after 24 h of exposure. These results support the folk usage of Lebanese oregano as an antiparasitic agent, providing new insights about its utilization for developing new effective and eco-friendly nematocidal and insecticidal products.

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$a López, Víctor $u Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
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$a Gómez-Rincón, Carlota $u Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain.
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$a Les, Francisco $u Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830 Zaragoza, Spain.
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$a Bartolucci, Fabrizio $u School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Centro Ricerche Floristiche dell'Appennino, San Colombo, 67021 Barisciano, Italy.
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$a Galiffa, Veronica $u School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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$a Petrelli, Riccardo $u School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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$a Cappellacci, Loredana $u School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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$a Maggi, Filippo $u School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino, Italy. filippo.maggi@unicam.it.
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$a Canale, Angelo $u Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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$a Otranto, Domenico $u Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70100 Bari, Italy.
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$a Sut, Stefania $u Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
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$a Dall'Acqua, Stefano $u Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy. stefano.dallacqua@unipd.it.
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