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A newborn screening approach to diagnose 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency

J. Václavík, L. Mádrová, Š. Kouřil, J. de Sousa, R. Brumarová, H. Janečková, J. Jáčová, D. Friedecký, M. Knapková, LAJ. Kluijtmans, SC. Grünert, FM. Vaz, N. Janzen, RJA. Wanders, RA. Wevers, T. Adam,

. 2020 ; 54 (1) : 79-86. [pub] 20200414

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency (HMGCLD) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited metabolic disorder. Patients suffer from avoidable neurologically devastating metabolic decompensations and thus would benefit from newborn screening (NBS). The diagnosis is currently made by measuring dry blood spot acylcarnitines (C5OH and C6DC) followed by urinary organic acid profiling for the differential diagnosis from several other disorders. Using untargeted metabolomics (reversed-phase UHPLC coupled to an Orbitrap Elite hybrid mass spectrometer) of plasma samples from 5 HMGCLD patients and 19 age-matched controls, we found 3-methylglutaconic acid and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, together with 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine as the most discriminating metabolites between the groups. In order to evaluate the NBS potential of these metabolites we quantified the most discriminating metabolites from untargeted metabolomics in 23 blood spots from 4 HMGCLD patients and 55 controls by UHPLC tandem mass spectrometry. The results provide a tool for expanded NBS of HMGCLD using tandem mass spectrometry. Selected reaction monitoring transition 262/85 could be used in a first-tier NBS analysis to screen for elevated 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine. In a positive case, a second-tier analysis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and 3-methylglutaconic acid in a dry blood spot using UHPLC tandem mass spectrometry instruments confirms the diagnosis. In conclusion, we describe the identification of new diagnostic biomarkers for HMGCLD and their application in NBS in dry blood spots. By using second-tier testing, all patients with HMGCLD were unequivocally and correctly diagnosed.

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$a 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency (HMGCLD) is a rare autosomal recessively inherited metabolic disorder. Patients suffer from avoidable neurologically devastating metabolic decompensations and thus would benefit from newborn screening (NBS). The diagnosis is currently made by measuring dry blood spot acylcarnitines (C5OH and C6DC) followed by urinary organic acid profiling for the differential diagnosis from several other disorders. Using untargeted metabolomics (reversed-phase UHPLC coupled to an Orbitrap Elite hybrid mass spectrometer) of plasma samples from 5 HMGCLD patients and 19 age-matched controls, we found 3-methylglutaconic acid and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid, together with 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine as the most discriminating metabolites between the groups. In order to evaluate the NBS potential of these metabolites we quantified the most discriminating metabolites from untargeted metabolomics in 23 blood spots from 4 HMGCLD patients and 55 controls by UHPLC tandem mass spectrometry. The results provide a tool for expanded NBS of HMGCLD using tandem mass spectrometry. Selected reaction monitoring transition 262/85 could be used in a first-tier NBS analysis to screen for elevated 3-hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine. In a positive case, a second-tier analysis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and 3-methylglutaconic acid in a dry blood spot using UHPLC tandem mass spectrometry instruments confirms the diagnosis. In conclusion, we describe the identification of new diagnostic biomarkers for HMGCLD and their application in NBS in dry blood spots. By using second-tier testing, all patients with HMGCLD were unequivocally and correctly diagnosed.
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$a Brumarová, Radana $u Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic. Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital in Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic.
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$a Janečková, Hana $u Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic. Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital in Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic.
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$a Jáčová, Jaroslava $u Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic. Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital in Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic.
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$a Knapková, Mária $u Banská Bystrica Children's University Hospital Banská Bystrica Slovakia.
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$a Kluijtmans, Leo A J $u Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine Radboud University Medical Centre GA Nijmegen Netherlands.
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$a Grünert, Sarah C $u Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine Freiburg Germany.
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$a Vaz, Frédéric M $u Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam Netherlands.
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$a Adam, Tomáš $u Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic. Laboratory of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Department of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital in Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic.
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