The apical hook is a transiently formed structure that plays a protective role when the germinating seedling penetrates through the soil towards the surface. Crucial for proper bending is the local auxin maxima, which defines the concave (inner) side of the hook curvature. As no sign of asymmetric auxin distribution has been reported in embryonic hypocotyls prior to hook formation, the question of how auxin asymmetry is established in the early phases of seedling germination remains largely unanswered. Here, we analyzed the auxin distribution and expression of PIN auxin efflux carriers from early phases of germination, and show that bending of the root in response to gravity is the crucial initial cue that governs the hypocotyl bending required for apical hook formation. Importantly, polar auxin transport machinery is established gradually after germination starts as a result of tight root-hypocotyl interaction and a proper balance between abscisic acid and gibberellins.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.

Basic Forestry and Proteomics Center College of Forestry Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University 350002 Fuzhou China Institute of Science and Technology Austria Klosterneuburg 3400 Austria

Department of Plant Systems Biology VIB 9052 Gent Belgium

Institute of Science and Technology Austria Klosterneuburg 3400 Austria

Laboratory of Growth Regulators Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University Olomouc CZ 771 47 Czech Republic

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