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Determination of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria: The World Brain Death Project

DM. Greer, SD. Shemie, A. Lewis, S. Torrance, P. Varelas, FD. Goldenberg, JL. Bernat, M. Souter, MA. Topcuoglu, AW. Alexandrov, M. Baldisseri, T. Bleck, G. Citerio, R. Dawson, A. Hoppe, S. Jacobe, A. Manara, TA. Nakagawa, TM. Pope, W. Silvester,...

. 2020 ; 324 (11) : 1078-1097. [pub] 2020Sep15

Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké

Typ dokumentu konsensus - konference, časopisecké články, směrnice pro lékařskou praxi

Perzistentní odkaz   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc20027828
E-zdroje Online Plný text

NLK Open Access Digital Library od 1998-01-01 do Před 6 měsíci
Medline Complete (EBSCOhost) od 1998-01-07 do Před 1 měsícem

Importance: There are inconsistencies in concept, criteria, practice, and documentation of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) both internationally and within countries. Objective: To formulate a consensus statement of recommendations on determination of BD/DNC based on review of the literature and expert opinion of a large multidisciplinary, international panel. Process: Relevant international professional societies were recruited to develop recommendations regarding determination of BD/DNC. Literature searches of the Cochrane, Embase, and MEDLINE databases included January 1, 1992, through April 2020 identified pertinent articles for review. Because of the lack of high-quality data from randomized clinical trials or large observational studies, recommendations were formulated based on consensus of contributors and medical societies that represented relevant disciplines, including critical care, neurology, and neurosurgery. Evidence Synthesis: Based on review of the literature and consensus from a large multidisciplinary, international panel, minimum clinical criteria needed to determine BD/DNC in various circumstances were developed. Recommendations: Prior to evaluating a patient for BD/DNC, the patient should have an established neurologic diagnosis that can lead to the complete and irreversible loss of all brain function, and conditions that may confound the clinical examination and diseases that may mimic BD/DNC should be excluded. Determination of BD/DNC can be done with a clinical examination that demonstrates coma, brainstem areflexia, and apnea. This is seen when (1) there is no evidence of arousal or awareness to maximal external stimulation, including noxious visual, auditory, and tactile stimulation; (2) pupils are fixed in a midsize or dilated position and are nonreactive to light; (3) corneal, oculocephalic, and oculovestibular reflexes are absent; (4) there is no facial movement to noxious stimulation; (5) the gag reflex is absent to bilateral posterior pharyngeal stimulation; (6) the cough reflex is absent to deep tracheal suctioning; (7) there is no brain-mediated motor response to noxious stimulation of the limbs; and (8) spontaneous respirations are not observed when apnea test targets reach pH <7.30 and Paco2 ≥60 mm Hg. If the clinical examination cannot be completed, ancillary testing may be considered with blood flow studies or electrophysiologic testing. Special consideration is needed for children, for persons receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and for those receiving therapeutic hypothermia, as well as for factors such as religious, societal, and cultural perspectives; legal requirements; and resource availability. Conclusions and Relevance: This report provides recommendations for the minimum clinical standards for determination of brain death/death by neurologic criteria in adults and children with clear guidance for various clinical circumstances. The recommendations have widespread international society endorsement and can serve to guide professional societies and countries in the revision or development of protocols and procedures for determination of brain death/death by neurologic criteria, leading to greater consistency within and between countries.

Albany Medical College Albany New York

Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts

Canadian Blood Services Ottawa Canada

Capital Medical University Beijing China

Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile

College of Nursing University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis

Department of Neurology Hacettepe University Ankara Turkey

Dubai Hospital Dubai United Arab Emirates

Fundación Valle del Lili Cali Colombia

Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover New Hampshire

Hospital Clinic Universitari University of Valencia Valencia Spain

Hospital Universitario Austral Buenos Aires Argentina

Indiana University Indianapolis

J E Purkinje University Masaryk Hospital Usti nad Labem Czech Republic

Kagawa University Kagawa Japan

McGill University Montreal Children's Hospital Montreal Canada Canadian Blood Services Ottawa Canada

Mitchell Hamline School of Law Saint Paul Minnesota

Montreal Neurological Institute Montreal Canada

National Hospital Alejandro Posadas Buenos Aires Argentina

National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago Illinois

NYU Langone Medical Center New York New York

Queen's Medical Center Honolulu Hawaii

Research Center of Neurology Moscow Russia

Ruby Hall Clinic Pune India

Seoul National University Bundang Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea

Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Nedlands Australia

Southmead Hospital Bristol United Kingdom

St Michael's Hospital Unity Health Toronto and University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Texas A and M College Station

The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston

The University of Toronto Toronto Canada

Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Kathmandu Nepal

University Milano Bicocca Milano Bicocca Italy

University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa

University of Chicago Chicago Illinois

University of Florida Jacksonville

University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia

University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pittsburgh Pennsylvania

University of Southern California Los Angeles

University of Sydney and Children's Hospital of Westmead Westmead Australia

University of Washington Seattle

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

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