The impact of four pre-treatment techniques on the surface morphology and chemistry, residual stress, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance in a physiological saline solution and cell colonization of commercially pure titanium is examined in detail. Mechanical polishing, electrochemical etching, chemical etching in Kroll's reagent, and ion sputter etching with argon ions were applied. Surface morphologies reflect the nature of surface layer removal. Significant roughening of the surface and a characteristic microtopology become apparent as a result of the sensitivity of chemical and ion sputter etching to the grain orientation. The hardness in the near surface region was controlled by the amount of residual stress. Etching of the stressed surface layer led to a reduction in residual stress and surface hardness. A compact passivation layer composed of TiO, TiO2 and Ti2O3 native oxides imparted high corrosion resistance to the surface after mechanical polishing, chemical and electrochemical etching. The ion sputter etched surface showed substantially reduced corrosion resistance, where the corrosion process was controlled by electron transfer. The specific topology affected the adhesion of the cell to the surface rather than the cell area coverage. The cell area coverage increased with the corrosion stability of the surface.

Department of Mechanics Biomechanics and Mechatronics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Technicka 4 16607 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Prague Technicka 5 16628 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Physics Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Technicka 4 16607 Prague Czech Republic

Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague nam Sitna 3105 27201 Kladno Czech Republic

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