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How Are Adolescents Sleeping? Adolescent Sleep Patterns and Sociodemographic Differences in 24 European and North American Countries
G. Gariepy, S. Danna, I. Gobiņa, M. Rasmussen, M. Gaspar de Matos, J. Tynjälä, I. Janssen, M. Kalman, A. Villeruša, D. Husarova, F. Brooks, FJ. Elgar, S. Klavina-Makrecka, K. Šmigelskas, T. Gaspar, C. Schnohr
Language English Country United States
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- MeSH
- Adolescent Behavior ethnology psychology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Stress, Psychological epidemiology MeSH
- Schools MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Sleep physiology MeSH
- Sleep Deprivation epidemiology MeSH
- Social Class * MeSH
- Cross-Cultural Comparison MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Public Health MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
- United States MeSH
PURPOSE: Insufficient and poor sleep patterns are common among adolescents worldwide. Up to now, the evidence on adolescent sleep has been mostly informed by country-specific studies that used different measures and age groups, making direct comparisons difficult. Cross-national data on adolescent sleep that could inform nations and international discussions are lacking. We examined the sleep patterns of adolescents across 24 countries and by gender, age, and affluence groups. METHODS: We obtained sleep data on 165,793 adolescents (mean age 13.5 years; 50.5% girls) in 24 European and North American countries from the recent cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2013-2014 and 2017-2018). For each country, we calculated the age-standardized mean in sleep duration, timing, and consistency and the proportions meeting sleep recommendations on school and nonschool days from self-reported bedtimes and wake times. We conducted stratified analyses by gender, age, and family affluence group. RESULTS: Adolescent sleep patterns varied cross-nationally. The average sleep duration ranged between 7:47 and 9:07 hours on school days and between 9:31 and 10:22 hours on nonschool days, and the proportion of adolescents meeting sleep recommendations ranged between 32% and 86% on school days and between 79% and 92% on nonschool days. Sleep patterns by gender and affluence groups were largely similar, but older adolescents slept less and went to bed later on school days than younger adolescents in all countries. CONCLUSIONS: The sleep patterns of adolescents vary across countries and sociodemographic groups. Insufficient sleep on school days is common in many countries. Public health and policy efforts to promote healthy adolescent sleep are encouraged.
Department of Health Psychology Faculty of Medicine PJ Safarik University Kosice Slovakia
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology Riga Stradins University Riga Latvia
Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine University of Montreal Montreal Canada
Douglas Mental Health University Institute Montreal Canada
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyvaskyla Jyvaskyla Finland
Health Research Institute Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania
Institute for Health and Social Policy McGill University Montreal Canada
Institute of Environmental Health School of Human Kinetics University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
National Institute of Public Health University of Southern Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a PURPOSE: Insufficient and poor sleep patterns are common among adolescents worldwide. Up to now, the evidence on adolescent sleep has been mostly informed by country-specific studies that used different measures and age groups, making direct comparisons difficult. Cross-national data on adolescent sleep that could inform nations and international discussions are lacking. We examined the sleep patterns of adolescents across 24 countries and by gender, age, and affluence groups. METHODS: We obtained sleep data on 165,793 adolescents (mean age 13.5 years; 50.5% girls) in 24 European and North American countries from the recent cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys (2013-2014 and 2017-2018). For each country, we calculated the age-standardized mean in sleep duration, timing, and consistency and the proportions meeting sleep recommendations on school and nonschool days from self-reported bedtimes and wake times. We conducted stratified analyses by gender, age, and family affluence group. RESULTS: Adolescent sleep patterns varied cross-nationally. The average sleep duration ranged between 7:47 and 9:07 hours on school days and between 9:31 and 10:22 hours on nonschool days, and the proportion of adolescents meeting sleep recommendations ranged between 32% and 86% on school days and between 79% and 92% on nonschool days. Sleep patterns by gender and affluence groups were largely similar, but older adolescents slept less and went to bed later on school days than younger adolescents in all countries. CONCLUSIONS: The sleep patterns of adolescents vary across countries and sociodemographic groups. Insufficient sleep on school days is common in many countries. Public health and policy efforts to promote healthy adolescent sleep are encouraged.
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