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Grade and stage misclassification in intermediate unfavorable-risk prostate cancer radiotherapy candidates

G. Sorce, RS. Flammia, B. Hoeh, F. Chierigo, L. Hohenhorst, A. Panunzio, A. Stabile, G. Gandaglia, Z. Tian, D. Tilki, C. Terrone, M. Gallucci, FKH. Chun, A. Antonelli, F. Saad, SF. Shariat, F. Montorsi, A. Briganti, PI. Karakiewicz

. 2022 ; 82 (10) : 1040-1050. [pub] 20220401

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc22018262

BACKGROUND: We tested for upgrading (Gleason grade group [GGG] ≥ 4) and/or upstaging to non-organ-confined stage ([NOC] ≥ pT3/pN1) in intermediate unfavorable-risk (IU) prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radical prostatectomy, since both change the considerations for dose and/or type of radiotherapy (RT) and duration of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). METHODS: We relied on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (2010-2015). Proportions of (a) upgrading, (b) upstaging, or (c) upgrading and/or upstaging were tabulated and tested in multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: We identified 7269 IU PCa patients. Upgrading was recorded in 479 (6.6%) and upstaging in 2398 (33.0%), for a total of 2616 (36.0%) upgraded and/or upstaged patients, who no longer fulfilled the IU grade and stage definition. Prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, biopsy GGG, and percentage of positive cores, neither individually nor in multivariable logistic regression models, discriminated between upgraded and/or upstaged patients versus others. CONCLUSIONS: IU PCa patients showed very high (36%) upgrading and/or upstaging proportion. Interestingly, the overwhelming majority of those were upstaged to NOC. Conversely, very few were upgraded to GGG ≥ 4. In consequence, more than one-third of IU PCa patients treated with RT may be exposed to suboptimal dose and/or type of RT and to insufficient duration of ADT, since their true grade and stage corresponded to high-risk PCa definition, instead of IU PCa. Data about magnetic resonance imaging were not available but may potentially help with better stage discrimination.

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$a BACKGROUND: We tested for upgrading (Gleason grade group [GGG] ≥ 4) and/or upstaging to non-organ-confined stage ([NOC] ≥ pT3/pN1) in intermediate unfavorable-risk (IU) prostate cancer (PCa) patients treated with radical prostatectomy, since both change the considerations for dose and/or type of radiotherapy (RT) and duration of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). METHODS: We relied on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (2010-2015). Proportions of (a) upgrading, (b) upstaging, or (c) upgrading and/or upstaging were tabulated and tested in multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: We identified 7269 IU PCa patients. Upgrading was recorded in 479 (6.6%) and upstaging in 2398 (33.0%), for a total of 2616 (36.0%) upgraded and/or upstaged patients, who no longer fulfilled the IU grade and stage definition. Prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, biopsy GGG, and percentage of positive cores, neither individually nor in multivariable logistic regression models, discriminated between upgraded and/or upstaged patients versus others. CONCLUSIONS: IU PCa patients showed very high (36%) upgrading and/or upstaging proportion. Interestingly, the overwhelming majority of those were upstaged to NOC. Conversely, very few were upgraded to GGG ≥ 4. In consequence, more than one-third of IU PCa patients treated with RT may be exposed to suboptimal dose and/or type of RT and to insufficient duration of ADT, since their true grade and stage corresponded to high-risk PCa definition, instead of IU PCa. Data about magnetic resonance imaging were not available but may potentially help with better stage discrimination.
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$a Flammia, Rocco Simone $u Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada $u Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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$a Hoeh, Benedikt $u Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada $u Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany $1 https://orcid.org/0000000242386584
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$a Chierigo, Francesco $u Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada $u Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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$a Hohenhorst, Lukas $u Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada $u Department of Urology, Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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$a Panunzio, Andrea $u Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada $u Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
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$a Stabile, Armando $u Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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$a Gandaglia, Giorgio $u Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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$a Tian, Zhe $u Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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$a Tilki, Derya $u Department of Urology, Martini-Klinik Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany $u Department of Urology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany $u Department of Urology, Koc University Hospital, Instanbul, Turkey $1 https://orcid.org/0000000170331380
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$a Terrone, Carlo $u Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Integrated Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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$a Gallucci, Michele $u Department of Maternal-Child and Urological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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$a Chun, Felix K H $u Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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$a Antonelli, Alessandro $u Department of Urology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata di Verona, Verona, Italy
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$a Saad, Fred $u Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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$a Shariat, Shahrokh F $u Departments of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA $u Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA $u Department of Urology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Praga, Czech Republic $u Department of Urology, Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia $u Division of Urology, Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan $u Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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$a Montorsi, Francesco $u Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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$a Briganti, Alberto $u Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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$a Karakiewicz, Pierre I $u Division of Urology, Cancer Prognostics and Health Outcomes Unit, University of Montréal Health Center, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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