Melanins belong to a group of pigments of different structure and origin. They can be produced synthetically or isolated from living organisms. A number of studies have reported testing of various melanins in neurological studies providing different outcomes. Because the structure of melanins can have an effect on obtained results in cell toxicity studies, we present here our original study which aimed to compare the biological effects of bacterial melanin (biotechnologically obtained from B. thuringiensis) with that of synthetic melanin in neuroblastoma cells. Both melanins were structurally characterized in detail. After melanin treatment (0-200 μg/mL), cell viability, glutathione levels, cell morphology and respiration were assessed in SH-SY5Y cells. The structural analysis showed that bacterial melanin is more hydrophilic according to the presence of larger number of -OH moieties. After melanin treatment, we found that synthetic melanin at similar dosage caused always larger cell impairment compared to bacterial melanin. In addition, more severe toxic effect of synthetic melanin was found in mitochondria. In general, we conclude that more hydrophilic, bacterial melanin induced lower toxicity in neuroblastoma cells in comparison to synthetic melanin. Our findings can be useable for neuroscientific studies estimating the potential use for study of neuroprotection, neuromodulation or neurotoxicity.

Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentska 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic

Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentska 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic

Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice Studentska 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic

Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology Medical Institute Yerevan Haybusak University 6 Abelyan St Yerevan Armenia

Scientific and Production Center Armbiotechnology SNPO NAS RA 14 Gyurjyan St Yerevan Armenia

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$a Handl, Jiri $u Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic

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$a The comparison of biological effects of bacterial and synthetic melanins in neuroblastoma cells / $c J. Handl, P. Nyvltova, J. Capek, P. Cesla, A. Hovsepyan, S. Avetisyan, P. Micankova, L. Bruckova, P. Stankova, K. Knotkova, T. Petrosyan, T. Rousar

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$a Melanins belong to a group of pigments of different structure and origin. They can be produced synthetically or isolated from living organisms. A number of studies have reported testing of various melanins in neurological studies providing different outcomes. Because the structure of melanins can have an effect on obtained results in cell toxicity studies, we present here our original study which aimed to compare the biological effects of bacterial melanin (biotechnologically obtained from B. thuringiensis) with that of synthetic melanin in neuroblastoma cells. Both melanins were structurally characterized in detail. After melanin treatment (0-200 μg/mL), cell viability, glutathione levels, cell morphology and respiration were assessed in SH-SY5Y cells. The structural analysis showed that bacterial melanin is more hydrophilic according to the presence of larger number of -OH moieties. After melanin treatment, we found that synthetic melanin at similar dosage caused always larger cell impairment compared to bacterial melanin. In addition, more severe toxic effect of synthetic melanin was found in mitochondria. In general, we conclude that more hydrophilic, bacterial melanin induced lower toxicity in neuroblastoma cells in comparison to synthetic melanin. Our findings can be useable for neuroscientific studies estimating the potential use for study of neuroprotection, neuromodulation or neurotoxicity.

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$a Nyvltova, Pavlina $u Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic

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$a Capek, Jan $u Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic

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$a Cesla, Petr $u Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic

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$a Hovsepyan, Anichka $u Scientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" SNPO NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan St., Yerevan, Armenia

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$a Avetisyan, Sona $u Scientific and Production Center "Armbiotechnology" SNPO NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan St., Yerevan, Armenia

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$a Micankova, Petra $u Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic

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$a Bruckova, Lenka $u Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic

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$a Stankova, Pavla $u Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic

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$a Knotkova, Katerina $u Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic

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$a Petrosyan, Tigran $u Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Institute, Yerevan Haybusak University, 6 Abelyan St., Yerevan, Armenia

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$a Rousar, Tomas $u Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic. Electronic address: Tomas.Rousar@upce.cz

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