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Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Review of Clinical Characteristics, Definition, Prognostic Tools, and Disease-Modifying Therapies

T. Ziemssen, V. Bhan, J. Chataway, T. Chitnis, BA. Campbell Cree, EK. Havrdova, L. Kappos, P. Labauge, A. Miller, J. Nakahara, C. Oreja-Guevara, J. Palace, B. Singer, M. Trojano, A. Patil, B. Rauser, T. Hach

Ziemssen, Tjalf
Autor Ziemssen, Tjalf ORCID From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland. tjalf.ziemssen@uniklinikum-dresden.de
Bhan, Virender
Autor Bhan, Virender From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Chataway, Jeremy
Autor Chataway, Jeremy From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Chitnis, Tanuja
Autor Chitnis, Tanuja From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Campbell Cree, Bruce Anthony
Autor Campbell Cree, Bruce Anthony ORCID From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Havrdova, Eva Kubala
Autor Havrdova, Eva Kubala From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Kappos, Ludwig
Autor Kappos, Ludwig From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Labauge, Pierre
Autor Labauge, Pierre From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Miller, Aaron
Autor Miller, Aaron From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Nakahara, Jin
Autor Nakahara, Jin From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Oreja-Guevara, Celia
Autor Oreja-Guevara, Celia ORCID From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Palace, Jacqueline
Autor Palace, Jacqueline From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Singer, Barry
Autor Singer, Barry From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Trojano, Maria
Autor Trojano, Maria From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Patil, Ashwini
Autor Patil, Ashwini From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Rauser, Benedict
Autor Rauser, Benedict From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland
Hach, Thomas
Autor Hach, Thomas ORCID From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

Neurology® neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation. 2023 ; 10 (1) : . [pub] 20221122

Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
ISSN 2332-7812
Medvik
Zdroj

Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké

Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, přehledy, práce podpořená grantem

Perzistentní odkaz https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc22032014

Online Plný text

NLK Directory of Open Access Journals od 2014
Free Medical Journals od 2014
Freely Accessible Science Journals od 2014
PubMed Central od 2014
Open Access Digital Library od 2014-01-01
Open Access Digital Library od 2014-01-01
ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources od 2014

PubMed 36414428
DOI 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200064
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje

MeSH
chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza * diagnóza farmakoterapie MeSH
lidé MeSH
prognóza MeSH
prospektivní studie MeSH
retrospektivní studie MeSH
roztroušená skleróza * MeSH
Check Tag
lidé MeSH
Publikační typ
časopisecké články MeSH
práce podpořená grantem MeSH
přehledy MeSH

Many challenges exist in the precise diagnosis and clinical management of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) because of the lack of definitive clinical, imaging, immunologic, or pathologic criteria that demarcate the transition from relapsing-remitting MS to SPMS. This review provides an overview of the diagnostic criteria/definition and the heterogeneity associated with different SPMS patient populations; it also emphasizes the importance of available prospective/retrospective tools to identify patients with SPMS earlier in the disease course so that approved disease-modifying therapies and nonpharmacological strategies will translate into better outcomes. Delivery of such interventions necessitates an evolving patient-clinician dialog within the context of a multidisciplinary team.

Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neurosciences and Sense Organs University of Bari Aldo Moro Bari Italy

Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic

Department of Neurology Hospital Clinico San Carlos IdISSC Departametno de medicina Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain

Department of Neurology Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY

Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan

Department of Neurology Weill Institute for Neurosciences UCSF San Francisco CA

Division of Neurology University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience Department of Neurology University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus Dresden University of Technology Germany

Multiple Sclerosis Clinic Department of Neurology Montpellier University Hospital France

Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic Departments of Medicine Clinical Research and Biomedicine University Hospital Basel University of Basel Switzerland

Novartis Healthcare Pvt Ltd Hyderabad India

Novartis Pharma AG Basel Switzerland

Novartis Pharma GmbH Nuremberg Germany

Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford United Kingdom

Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre Massachusetts General Hospital Boston

Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom

The MS Center for Innovations in Care Missouri Baptist Medical Center St Louis MO

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

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100 1_: $a Ziemssen, Tjalf $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland. tjalf.ziemssen@uniklinikum-dresden.de $1 https://orcid.org/0000000187998202

245 10: $a Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Review of Clinical Characteristics, Definition, Prognostic Tools, and Disease-Modifying Therapies / $c T. Ziemssen, V. Bhan, J. Chataway, T. Chitnis, BA. Campbell Cree, EK. Havrdova, L. Kappos, P. Labauge, A. Miller, J. Nakahara, C. Oreja-Guevara, J. Palace, B. Singer, M. Trojano, A. Patil, B. Rauser, T. Hach

520 9_: $a Many challenges exist in the precise diagnosis and clinical management of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) because of the lack of definitive clinical, imaging, immunologic, or pathologic criteria that demarcate the transition from relapsing-remitting MS to SPMS. This review provides an overview of the diagnostic criteria/definition and the heterogeneity associated with different SPMS patient populations; it also emphasizes the importance of available prospective/retrospective tools to identify patients with SPMS earlier in the disease course so that approved disease-modifying therapies and nonpharmacological strategies will translate into better outcomes. Delivery of such interventions necessitates an evolving patient-clinician dialog within the context of a multidisciplinary team.

650 _2: $a lidé $7 D006801

650 12: $a chronicko-progresivní roztroušená skleróza $x diagnóza $x farmakoterapie $7 D020528

650 _2: $a prognóza $7 D011379

650 12: $a roztroušená skleróza $7 D009103

650 _2: $a retrospektivní studie $7 D012189

650 _2: $a prospektivní studie $7 D011446

655 _2: $a časopisecké články $7 D016428

655 _2: $a přehledy $7 D016454

655 _2: $a práce podpořená grantem $7 D013485

700 1_: $a Bhan, Virender $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Chataway, Jeremy $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Chitnis, Tanuja $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Campbell Cree, Bruce Anthony $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000176892533

700 1_: $a Havrdova, Eva Kubala $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Kappos, Ludwig $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Labauge, Pierre $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Miller, Aaron $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Nakahara, Jin $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Oreja-Guevara, Celia $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000292215716

700 1_: $a Palace, Jacqueline $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Singer, Barry $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Trojano, Maria $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Patil, Ashwini $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Rauser, Benedict $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland

700 1_: $a Hach, Thomas $u From the Center of Clinical Neuroscience (T.Z.), Department of Neurology, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Germany; Division of Neurology (Medicine) (V.B.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Queen Square Multiple Sclerosis Centre (J.C.), UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Partners Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Centre (T.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Neurology (B.A.C.C.), Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience (E.K.H.), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic (L.K.), Departments of Medicine, Clinical Research and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; Multiple Sclerosis Clinic (P.L.), Department of Neurology, Montpellier University Hospital, France; Department of Neurology (A.M.), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Neurology (J.N.), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clinico San Carlos, IdISSC, Departametno de medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; The MS Center for Innovations in Care (B.S.), Missouri Baptist Medical Center, St Louis, MO; Department of Basic Medical Sciences (M.T.), Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd. (A.P.), Hyderabad, India; Novartis Pharma GmbH (B.R.), Nuremberg, Germany; and Novartis Pharma AG (T.H.), Basel, Switzerland $1 https://orcid.org/0000000222291545

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