BACKGROUND: This pilot study aimed to investigate how fixed orthodontic appliances simultaneously applied on the upper and lower arches affect the oral environment in the medium term. METHODS: The oral status of 30 orthodontic patients was evaluated using the number of decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT), plaque (PI), and gingival indices (GI) before bonding of fixed orthodontic appliances (T0) and during the therapy (T1). Besides, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and a dental plaque were collected. Samples were analyzed for selected Candida sp. and for 10 selected oral bacteria using mass spectroscopy and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS: In 60% of patients, deterioration of the oral status (demonstrated by the increase in PI) was recorded (p < 0.05). Moreover, the changes in PI correlated with those of GI (p < 0.001). At the T1 time point, the mean representation of Actinomyces sp. in the total prokaryotic DNA in GCF and dental plaque of individual patients increased compared to T0 (p < 0.05). The probability of finding any of the 7 selected periodontal bacteria combined with Candida sp. was 10 times higher in patients in whom PI deteriorated between T0 and T1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the oral microbial diversity and an increase in PI were observed in the medium term after bonding of orthodontic appliance. Our study highlights the importance of a complex approach in this type of research as the association between clinical characteristics and combined microbial parameters is higher than when evaluated separately.

Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery Institution Shared with University Hospital Brno Faculty of Medicine Jihlavska 20 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Clinic of Stomatology Institution Shared with St Anne's University Hospital Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Pekařská 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Microbiology Institution Shared with St Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Pekařská 53 656 91 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University Kamenice 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Margarita Rousi Orthodontic Center Athinon 91 2035 Nicosia Cyprus

RECETOX Faculty of Science Masaryk University Kotlarska 2 Brno Czech Republic

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$a Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on gingival status and oral microbiota: a pilot study / $c Z. Marincak Vrankova, M. Rousi, M. Cvanova, D. Gachova, F. Ruzicka, V. Hola, J. Lochman, L. Izakovicova Holla, A. Brysova, P. Borilova Linhartova

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$a BACKGROUND: This pilot study aimed to investigate how fixed orthodontic appliances simultaneously applied on the upper and lower arches affect the oral environment in the medium term. METHODS: The oral status of 30 orthodontic patients was evaluated using the number of decay-missing-filled teeth (DMFT), plaque (PI), and gingival indices (GI) before bonding of fixed orthodontic appliances (T0) and during the therapy (T1). Besides, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and a dental plaque were collected. Samples were analyzed for selected Candida sp. and for 10 selected oral bacteria using mass spectroscopy and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS: In 60% of patients, deterioration of the oral status (demonstrated by the increase in PI) was recorded (p < 0.05). Moreover, the changes in PI correlated with those of GI (p < 0.001). At the T1 time point, the mean representation of Actinomyces sp. in the total prokaryotic DNA in GCF and dental plaque of individual patients increased compared to T0 (p < 0.05). The probability of finding any of the 7 selected periodontal bacteria combined with Candida sp. was 10 times higher in patients in whom PI deteriorated between T0 and T1 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in the oral microbial diversity and an increase in PI were observed in the medium term after bonding of orthodontic appliance. Our study highlights the importance of a complex approach in this type of research as the association between clinical characteristics and combined microbial parameters is higher than when evaluated separately.

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