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European fitness landscape for children and adolescents: updated reference values, fitness maps and country rankings based on nearly 8 million test results from 34 countries gathered by the FitBack network
FB. Ortega, B. Leskošek, R. Blagus, JJ. Gil-Cosano, J. Mäestu, GR. Tomkinson, JR. Ruiz, E. Mäestu, G. Starc, I. Milanovic, TH. Tammelin, M. Sorić, C. Scheuer, A. Carraro, M. Kaj, T. Csányi, LB. Sardinha, M. Lenoir, A. Emeljanovas, B. Mieziene,...
Language English Country England, Great Britain
Document type Journal Article
NLK
ProQuest Central
from 1970-07-01 to 3 months ago
Nursing & Allied Health Database (ProQuest)
from 1970-07-01 to 3 months ago
Health & Medicine (ProQuest)
from 1970-07-01 to 3 months ago
- MeSH
- Exercise MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Body Mass Index MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Reference Values MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Hand Strength * MeSH
- Physical Fitness * MeSH
- Exercise Test methods MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
OBJECTIVES: (1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness in European children and adolescents aged 6-18 years that are the foundation for the web-based, open-access and multilanguage fitness platform (FitBack); (2) to provide comparisons across European countries. METHODS: This study builds on a previous large fitness reference study in European youth by (1) widening the age demographic, (2) identifying the most recent and representative country-level data and (3) including national data from existing fitness surveillance and monitoring systems. We used the Assessing Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness at population level (ALPHA) test battery as it comprises tests with the highest test-retest reliability, criterion/construct validity and health-related predictive validity: the 20 m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness); handgrip strength and standing long jump (muscular strength); and body height, body mass, body mass index and waist circumference (anthropometry). Percentile values were obtained using the generalised additive models for location, scale and shape method. RESULTS: A total of 7 966 693 test results from 34 countries (106 datasets) were used to develop sex-specific and age-specific percentile values. In addition, country-level rankings based on mean percentiles are provided for each fitness test, as well as an overall fitness ranking. Finally, an interactive fitness platform, including individual and group reporting and European fitness maps, is provided and freely available online (www.fitbackeurope.eu). CONCLUSION: This study discusses the major implications of fitness assessment in youth from health, educational and sport perspectives, and how the FitBack reference values and interactive web-based platform contribute to it. Fitness testing can be conducted in school and/or sport settings, and the interpreted results be integrated in the healthcare systems across Europe.
Center of Sport and Health Sciences School of Education University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
Confederation of Italian Associations of Physical Education Teachers Venezia Italy
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
Department of Chronic Diseases National Institute for Health Development Tallinn Estonia
Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Kuopio University Hospital Kuopio Finland
Department of Communication and Education Universidad Loyola Andalucía Dos Hermanas Spain
Department of Education and Social Work University of Luxembourg Esch sur Alzette Luxembourg
Department of Human and Social Sciences University of Bergamo Bergamo Italy
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Cantabria Cantabria Spain
Division of Sport Physical Activity and Health University of Education Upper Austria Linz Austria
Epidemiology Biostatistics and Prevention Institute University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
European Physical Education Association
Faculty of Education Free University of Bozen Bolzano Brixen Italy
Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
Faculty of Sport Sciences University of Granada Department of Physical and Sports Education
Faculty of Sport University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
Faculty of Sports Studies Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
Galician Sport Foundation General Sport Secretariat Galician Government Santiago de Compostela Spain
Harokopio University Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Athens Greece
Hungarian School Sport Federation Budapest Hungary
Institute of Biomedicine School of Medicine University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Campus Finland
Institute of Psychology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy Faculty of Medicine University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
Institute of Sports and Sports Science Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs Granada Granada Spain
Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz Cádiz Spain
JAMK University of Applied Sciences School of Health and Social Studies LIKES Jyväskylä Finland
Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw Poland
Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS Bremen Germany
Lithuanian Sports University Department of Physical and Social Education Kaunas Lithuania
Recruitment and Examination Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
School of Sport Rehabilitation and Exercise Science University of Essex Colchester UK
Tallinn University School of Natural Sciences and Health Tallinn Estonia
Universidad de Castilla La Mancha Health and Social Research Center Cuenca Spain
Universidad de Castilla La Mancha School of Education Ciudad Real Spain
University of Belgrade Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Belgrade Serbia
University of Montenegro Faculty for Sport and Physical Education Niksic Montenegro
University of Zagreb The Faculty of Kinesiology Zagreb Croatia
References provided by Crossref.org
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