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Health inequalities in post-COVID-19 outcomes among adults aged 50+ in Europe: has COVID-19 exposed divide between postcommunist countries and Western Europe
M. Ohno, D. Dzurova, P. Smejkal
Language English Country England, Great Britain
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
Grant support
HHSN271201300071C
NIA NIH HHS - United States
R01 AG052527
NIA NIH HHS - United States
P01 AG005842
NIA NIH HHS - United States
R21 AG025169
NIA NIH HHS - United States
NLK
ProQuest Central
from 1979-06-01 to 6 months ago
Nursing & Allied Health Database (ProQuest)
from 1979-06-01 to 6 months ago
Health & Medicine (ProQuest)
from 1979-06-01 to 6 months ago
Psychology Database (ProQuest)
from 1979-06-01 to 6 months ago
Public Health Database (ProQuest)
from 1979-06-01 to 6 months ago
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiology MeSH
- Health Status Disparities * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Obesity epidemiology MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- COVID-19 Vaccines MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 affected people and countries disproportionately and continues to impact the health of people. The aim is to investigate protective health and socio-geographical factors for post-COVID-19 conditions in adults aged 50 years and older in Europe. METHODS: Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, collected from June to August 2021, protective factors against post-COVID-19 condition among 1909 respondents who self-reported a positive COVID-19 test result were investigated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Male adults living outside of Czechia, Poland, Hungary and Slovakia (Visegrad group, V4), who received the COVID-19 vaccination, tertiary or higher education, had a healthy weight (body mass index, BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and no underlying health condition/s, showed protective effects against post-COVID-19 condition. Health inequalities associated with BMI were observed in education attainment and comorbidities, with higher BMI having lower education attainment and higher comorbidities. Health inequality was particularly evident in individuals in V4 with higher obesity prevalence and lower attainment of higher education than those living in other regions in the study. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that healthy weight and higher education attainment are predictors associated with a lower incidence of post-COVID-19 condition. Health inequality associated with education attainment was particularly relevant in V4. Our results highlight health inequality in which BMI was associated with comorbidities and educational attainment. To reduce obesity prevalence among older people with lower education, raising awareness about the risks of obesity and providing assistance in maintaining a healthy weight are needed.
1st Medical Faculty Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology Charles University Prague Czech Republic
Hospitalist and Infection Control Mount Desert Island Hospital Bar Harbor Maine USA
Infectious Disease and Infection Control IKEM Hospital Prague Czech Republic
References provided by Crossref.org
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- $a BACKGROUND: COVID-19 affected people and countries disproportionately and continues to impact the health of people. The aim is to investigate protective health and socio-geographical factors for post-COVID-19 conditions in adults aged 50 years and older in Europe. METHODS: Using longitudinal data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, collected from June to August 2021, protective factors against post-COVID-19 condition among 1909 respondents who self-reported a positive COVID-19 test result were investigated using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Male adults living outside of Czechia, Poland, Hungary and Slovakia (Visegrad group, V4), who received the COVID-19 vaccination, tertiary or higher education, had a healthy weight (body mass index, BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) and no underlying health condition/s, showed protective effects against post-COVID-19 condition. Health inequalities associated with BMI were observed in education attainment and comorbidities, with higher BMI having lower education attainment and higher comorbidities. Health inequality was particularly evident in individuals in V4 with higher obesity prevalence and lower attainment of higher education than those living in other regions in the study. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that healthy weight and higher education attainment are predictors associated with a lower incidence of post-COVID-19 condition. Health inequality associated with education attainment was particularly relevant in V4. Our results highlight health inequality in which BMI was associated with comorbidities and educational attainment. To reduce obesity prevalence among older people with lower education, raising awareness about the risks of obesity and providing assistance in maintaining a healthy weight are needed.
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