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Global stroke statistics 2023: Availability of reperfusion services around the world

J. Kim, MT. Olaiya, DA. De Silva, B. Norrving, J. Bosch, DA. De Sousa, HK. Christensen, A. Ranta, GA. Donnan, V. Feigin, S. Martins, LH. Schwamm, DJ. Werring, G. Howard, M. Owolabi, J. Pandian, R. Mikulik, T. Thayabaranathan, DA. Cadilhac

. 2024 ; 19 (3) : 253-270. [pub] 20240101

Language English Country United States

Document type Journal Article, Review

BACKGROUND: Disparities in the availability of reperfusion services for acute ischemic stroke are considerable globally and require urgent attention. Contemporary data on the availability of reperfusion services in different countries are used to provide the necessary evidence to prioritize where access to acute stroke treatment is needed. AIMS: To provide a snapshot of published literature on the provision of reperfusion services globally, including when facilitated by telemedicine or mobile stroke unit services. METHODS: We searched PubMed to identify original articles, published up to January 2023 for the most recent, representative, and relevant patient-level data for each country. Keywords included thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomy and telemedicine. We also screened reference lists of review articles, citation history of articles, and the gray literature. The information is provided as a narrative summary. RESULTS: Of 11,222 potentially eligible articles retrieved, 148 were included for review following de-duplications and full-text review. Data were also obtained from national stroke clinical registry reports, Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) and PRE-hospital Stroke Treatment Organization (PRESTO) repositories, and other national sources. Overall, we found evidence of the provision of intravenous thrombolysis services in 70 countries (63% high-income countries (HICs)) and endovascular thrombectomy services in 33 countries (68% HICs), corresponding to far less than half of the countries in the world. Recent data (from 2019 or later) were lacking for 35 of 67 countries with known year of data (52%). We found published data on 74 different stroke telemedicine programs (93% in HICs) and 14 active mobile stroke unit pre-hospital ambulance services (80% in HICs) around the world. CONCLUSION: Despite remarkable advancements in reperfusion therapies for stroke, it is evident from available patient-level data that their availability remains unevenly distributed globally. Contemporary published data on availability of reperfusion services remain scarce, even in HICs, thereby making it difficult to reliably ascertain current gaps in the provision of this vital acute stroke treatment around the world.

Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Department of Biostatistics School of Public Health The University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA

Department of Clinical Sciences Section of Neurology Lund University Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden

Department of Medicine University of Otago Wellington Wellington New Zealand

Department of Neurology Christian Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana India

Department of Neurology Singapore General Hospital Campus National Neuroscience Institute Singapore

Department of Neurology University of Copenhagen and Bispebjerg Hospital Copenhagen Denmark

Department of Neurosciences Hospital de Santa Maria University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal

Health Management Institute Brno Czech Republic

Melbourne Brain Centre The University of Melbourne Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville VIC Australia

National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand

Neurology Department Bata Hospital Zlin Czech Republic

Neurology Department Hospital Moinhos de Vento Porto Alegre Brazil

School of Rehabilitation Science Population Health Research Institute McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada

Stroke and Ageing Research Department of Medicine School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health Monash University Clayton VIC Australia

Stroke Research Centre Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London UK

Stroke Theme The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health Heidelberg VIC Australia

Yale School of Medicine New Haven CT USA

References provided by Crossref.org

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$a BACKGROUND: Disparities in the availability of reperfusion services for acute ischemic stroke are considerable globally and require urgent attention. Contemporary data on the availability of reperfusion services in different countries are used to provide the necessary evidence to prioritize where access to acute stroke treatment is needed. AIMS: To provide a snapshot of published literature on the provision of reperfusion services globally, including when facilitated by telemedicine or mobile stroke unit services. METHODS: We searched PubMed to identify original articles, published up to January 2023 for the most recent, representative, and relevant patient-level data for each country. Keywords included thrombolysis, endovascular thrombectomy and telemedicine. We also screened reference lists of review articles, citation history of articles, and the gray literature. The information is provided as a narrative summary. RESULTS: Of 11,222 potentially eligible articles retrieved, 148 were included for review following de-duplications and full-text review. Data were also obtained from national stroke clinical registry reports, Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) and PRE-hospital Stroke Treatment Organization (PRESTO) repositories, and other national sources. Overall, we found evidence of the provision of intravenous thrombolysis services in 70 countries (63% high-income countries (HICs)) and endovascular thrombectomy services in 33 countries (68% HICs), corresponding to far less than half of the countries in the world. Recent data (from 2019 or later) were lacking for 35 of 67 countries with known year of data (52%). We found published data on 74 different stroke telemedicine programs (93% in HICs) and 14 active mobile stroke unit pre-hospital ambulance services (80% in HICs) around the world. CONCLUSION: Despite remarkable advancements in reperfusion therapies for stroke, it is evident from available patient-level data that their availability remains unevenly distributed globally. Contemporary published data on availability of reperfusion services remain scarce, even in HICs, thereby making it difficult to reliably ascertain current gaps in the provision of this vital acute stroke treatment around the world.
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