Currently, with the knowledge of the role of collateral circulation in the development of cerebral ischaemia, traditional therapeutic windows are being prolonged, with time not being the only criterion. Instead, a more personalised approach is applied to select additional patients who might benefit from active treatment. This review briefly describes the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the development of early ischaemic changes, the capabilities of MRI to depict such changes, and the basics of the routinely used imaging techniques broadly available for the assessment of individual phases of cerebral ischaemia, and summarises the possible clinical use of routine MR imaging, including patient selection for active treatment and assessment of the outcome on the basis of imaging.

• MeSH
• cerebrální infarkt MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * diagnostické zobrazování   terapie   MeSH
• difuzní magnetická rezonance metody   MeSH
• edém mozku * MeSH
• ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * MeSH
• ischemie mozku * diagnostické zobrazování   terapie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Strokes after left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) prophylaxis are generally less severe than those after warfarin prophylaxis-thought to be secondary to more hemorrhagic strokes with warfarin. Hemorrhagic strokes are similarly infrequent with direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) prophylaxis, so the primary subtype after either LAAC or DOAC prophylaxis is ischemic stroke (IS). OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the severity of IS using the modified Rankin Scale in atrial fibrillation patients receiving prophylaxis with DOACs vs LAAC. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of consecutive patients undergoing LAAC at 8 centers who developed an IS (ISLAAC) compared with contemporaneous consecutive patients who developed IS during treatment with DOACs (ISDOAC). The primary outcome was disabling/fatal stroke (modified Rankin Scale 3-5) at discharge and 3 months later. RESULTS: Compared with ISDOAC patients (n = 322), ISLAAC patients (n = 125) were older (age 77.2 ± 13.4 years vs 73.1 ± 11.9 years; P = 0.002), with higher HAS-BLED scores (3.0 vs 2.0; P = 0.004) and more frequent prior bleeding events (54.4% vs 23.6%; P < 0.001), but similar CHA2DS2-VASc scores (5.0 vs 5.0; P = 0.28). Strokes were less frequently disabling/fatal with ISLAAC than ISDOAC at both hospital discharge (38.3% vs 70.3%; P < 0.001) and 3 months later (33.3% vs 56.2%; P < 0.001). Differences in stroke severity persisted after propensity score matching. By multivariate regression analysis, ISLAAC was independently associated with fewer disabling/fatal strokes at discharge (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.13-0.39; P < 0.001) and 3 months (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12-0.50; P < 0.001), and fewer deaths at 3 months (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.12-0.64; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Ischemic strokes in patients with atrial fibrillation are less often disabling or fatal with LAAC than DOAC prophylaxis.

• MeSH
• antikoagulancia škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * epidemiologie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• fibrilace síní * komplikace   farmakoterapie   chirurgie   MeSH
• hemoragická cévní mozková příhoda * chemicky indukované   komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * chemicky indukované   komplikace   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• krvácení chemicky indukované   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• uzávěr ouška levé síně MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• warfarin škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Subclinical atrial fibrillation is short-lasting and asymptomatic and can usually be detected only by long-term continuous monitoring with pacemakers or defibrillators. Subclinical atrial fibrillation is associated with an increased risk of stroke by a factor of 2.5; however, treatment with oral anticoagulation is of uncertain benefit. METHODS: We conducted a trial involving patients with subclinical atrial fibrillation lasting 6 minutes to 24 hours. Patients were randomly assigned in a double-blind, double-dummy design to receive apixaban at a dose of 5 mg twice daily (2.5 mg twice daily when indicated) or aspirin at a dose of 81 mg daily. The trial medication was discontinued and anticoagulation started if subclinical atrial fibrillation lasting more than 24 hours or clinical atrial fibrillation developed. The primary efficacy outcome, stroke or systemic embolism, was assessed in the intention-to-treat population (all the patients who had undergone randomization); the primary safety outcome, major bleeding, was assessed in the on-treatment population (all the patients who had undergone randomization and received at least one dose of the assigned trial drug, with follow-up censored 5 days after permanent discontinuation of trial medication for any reason). RESULTS: We included 4012 patients with a mean (±SD) age of 76.8±7.6 years and a mean CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3.9±1.1 (scores range from 0 to 9, with higher scores indicating a higher risk of stroke); 36.1% of the patients were women. After a mean follow-up of 3.5±1.8 years, stroke or systemic embolism occurred in 55 patients in the apixaban group (0.78% per patient-year) and in 86 patients in the aspirin group (1.24% per patient-year) (hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45 to 0.88; P = 0.007). In the on-treatment population, the rate of major bleeding was 1.71% per patient-year in the apixaban group and 0.94% per patient-year in the aspirin group (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.26 to 2.57; P = 0.001). Fatal bleeding occurred in 5 patients in the apixaban group and 8 patients in the aspirin group. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with subclinical atrial fibrillation, apixaban resulted in a lower risk of stroke or systemic embolism than aspirin but a higher risk of major bleeding. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; ARTESIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01938248.).

• MeSH
• antikoagulancia * škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Aspirin * škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• embolie * etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• fibrilace síní * komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• inhibitory faktoru Xa škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• krvácení chemicky indukované   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pyridony škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kanada MeSH

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Registry of Stroke Care Quality (RES-Q) is a worldwide quality improvement data platform that captures performance and quality measures, enabling standardized comparisons of hospital care. The aim of this study was to determine if, and how, RES-Q data are used to influence stroke quality improvement and identify the support and educational needs of clinicians using RES-Q data to improve stroke care. METHODS: A cross-sectional self-administered online survey was administered (October 2021-February 2022). Participants were RES-Q hospital local coordinators responsible for stroke data collection. Descriptive statistics are presented. RESULTS: Surveys were sent to 1463 hospitals in 74 countries; responses were received from 358 hospitals in 55 countries (response rate 25%). RES-Q data were used "always" or "often" to: develop quality improvement initiatives (n = 213, 60%); track stroke care quality over time (n = 207, 58%); improve local practice (n = 191, 53%); and benchmark against evidence-based policies, procedures and/or guidelines to identify practice gaps (n = 179, 50%). Formal training in the use of RES-Q tools and data were the most frequent support needs identified by respondents (n = 165, 46%). Over half "strongly agreed" or "agreed" that to support clinical practice change, education is needed on: (i) using data to identify evidence-practice gaps (n = 259, 72%) and change clinical practice (n = 263, 74%), and (ii) quality improvement science and methods (n = 255, 71%). CONCLUSION: RES-Q data are used for monitoring stroke care performance. However, to facilitate their optimal use, effective quality improvement methods are needed. Educating staff in quality improvement science may develop competency and improve use of data in practice.

• MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * terapie   MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• registrace MeSH
• rutinně sbírané zdravotní údaje MeSH
• zlepšení kvality * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

RATIONALE: Oxygen is essential for cellular energy metabolism. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to hypoxia. Increasing oxygen supply shortly after stroke onset could preserve the ischemic penumbra until revascularization occurs. AIMS: PROOF investigates the use of normobaric oxygen (NBO) therapy within 6 h of symptom onset/notice for brain-protective bridging until endovascular revascularization of acute intracranial anterior-circulation occlusion. METHODS AND DESIGN: Randomized (1:1), standard treatment-controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint, multicenter adaptive phase IIb trial. STUDY OUTCOMES: Primary outcome is ischemic core growth (mL) from baseline to 24 h (intention-to-treat analysis). Secondary efficacy outcomes include change in NIHSS from baseline to 24 h, mRS at 90 days, cognitive and emotional function, and quality of life. Safety outcomes include mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, and respiratory failure. Exploratory analyses of imaging and blood biomarkers will be conducted. SAMPLE SIZE: Using an adaptive design with interim analysis at 80 patients per arm, up to 456 participants (228 per arm) would be needed for 80% power (one-sided alpha 0.05) to detect a mean reduction of ischemic core growth by 6.68 mL, assuming 21.4 mL standard deviation. DISCUSSION: By enrolling endovascular thrombectomy candidates in an early time window, the trial replicates insights from preclinical studies in which NBO showed beneficial effects, namely early initiation of near 100% inspired oxygen during short temporary ischemia. Primary outcome assessment at 24 h on follow-up imaging reduces variability due to withdrawal of care and early clinical confounders such as delayed extubation and aspiration pneumonia. TRIAL REGISTRATIONS: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03500939; EudraCT: 2017-001355-31.

• MeSH
• endovaskulární výkony * metody   MeSH
• ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• ischemie mozku * komplikace   MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II jako téma MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• kyslík terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
• trombektomie metody   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• protokol klinické studie MeSH

• MeSH
• adherence k farmakoterapii * MeSH
• botulotoxiny typ A terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * patologie   MeSH
• dostupnost zdravotnických služeb MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• svalová spasticita farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• rozhovory MeSH

Aims: To gain a rich understanding of young stroke patients' lived experience one year after their first ischemic stroke. Methods: An interpretative phenomenological analysis design was used to explore the meaning of the lived experience of young stroke patients. Eight stroke survivors, aged 18-50, years took part in semi-structured qualitative interviews. Results: Stroke was not only perceived as a traumatic event that led to losses and limitations; for many participants, it was a "turning point" or a path of growth with new challenges and opportunities. Ten subthemes and three interconnected group experiential themes were generated: (i) Stroke as a sudden and unexpected event; (ii) Continuity and discontinuity of self; and (iii) Social participation. Conclusion: This research highlights several issues within current clinical services for young stroke patients one year after their first ischemic stroke. Implications for patient care - guidelines for special rehabilitation and occupational therapy programmes should be primarily concerned with overcoming residual problems after stroke. Practicing instrumental activities of daily living or skills needed for return to work is also important, as well as the existential aspects of recovery.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * psychologie   MeSH
• kvalita života psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• zapojení do společnosti psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) associated with high estrogen states, including pregnant patients and those using oral contraceptives, has been well documented. We described the histological composition of thrombi collected in these cases. METHODS: From a prospective tissue registry (STRIP registry) of thrombi retrieved during mechanical thrombectomy for AIS, we identified 5 patients with high estrogen states: 1 post-partum patient, 1 undergoing hormone replacement therapy and 3 consuming oral contraceptive pills. Five male control patients were randomly chosen matched by age. Immunohistochemistry for CD42b (platelets), von Willebrand factor (vWF), thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was performed. Expression was quantified using Orbit Image Software. Student's t-test was performed as appropriate. RESULTS: Mean TAFI content for the high estrogen state group was higher than controls (25.6 ± 11.9% versus 9.3 ± 9.0%, p = 0.043*). Mean platelet content for the high estrogen state group was lower than controls (41.7 ± 10.6% versus 61.8 ± 12.9%, p = 0.029*). No significant difference was found in vWF, fibrinogen and PAI-1 expression. Mean time to recanalize was higher in the high estrogen state group compared to the control group (57.8 ± 27.6 versus 22.6 ± 11.4 min, p = 0.0351*). The mean number of passes required was higher in the high estrogen group compared to controls 4.6 versus 1.2, p = 0.0261*). CONCLUSIONS: TAFI expression, a powerful driver of thrombosis, was significantly higher in stroke thrombi among patients with high estrogen states compared to controls.

• MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * MeSH
• estrogeny MeSH
• fibrinogen metabolismus   MeSH
• fibrinolýza MeSH
• inhibitor aktivátoru plazminogenu 1 MeSH
• ischemická cévní mozková příhoda * MeSH
• karboxypeptidasa B2 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• trombóza * MeSH
• von Willebrandův faktor MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Patients with long atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) ≥24 h and stroke risk factors are often treated with anticoagulation for stroke prevention. Anticoagulation has never been compared with no anticoagulation in these patients. METHODS: This secondary pre-specified analysis of the Non-vitamin K antagonist Oral anticoagulants in patients with Atrial High-rate episodes (NOAH-AFNET 6) trial examined interactions between AHRE duration at baseline and anticoagulation with edoxaban compared with placebo in patients with AHRE and stroke risk factors. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of stroke, systemic embolism, or cardiovascular death. The safety outcome was a composite of major bleeding and death. Key secondary outcomes were components of these outcomes and electrocardiogram (ECG)-diagnosed atrial fibrillation. RESULTS: Median follow-up of 2389 patients with core lab-verified AHRE was 1.8 years. AHRE ≥24 h were present at baseline in 259/2389 patients (11%, 78 ± 7 years old, 28% women, CHA2DS2-VASc 4). Clinical characteristics were not different from patients with shorter AHRE. The primary outcome occurred in 9/132 patients with AHRE ≥24 h (4.3%/patient-year, 2 strokes) treated with anticoagulation and in 14/127 patients treated with placebo (6.9%/patient-year, 2 strokes). Atrial high-rate episode duration did not interact with the efficacy (P-interaction = .65) or safety (P-interaction = .98) of anticoagulation. Analyses including AHRE as a continuous parameter confirmed this. Patients with AHRE ≥24 h developed more ECG-diagnosed atrial fibrillation (17.0%/patient-year) than patients with shorter AHRE (8.2%/patient-year; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This hypothesis-generating analysis does not find an interaction between AHRE duration and anticoagulation therapy in patients with device-detected AHRE and stroke risk factors. Further research is needed to identify patients with long AHRE at high stroke risk.

• MeSH
• antikoagulancia terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda * etiologie   prevence a kontrola   diagnóza   MeSH
• fibrilace síní * komplikace   farmakoterapie   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pyridiny * MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční síně MeSH
• thiazoly * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Fibrilace síní (FS) je nejčastější srdeční arytmií u dospělých a příčinou značné morbidity a mortality. Ve srovnání s běžnou populací zvyšuje FS riziko cévních mozkových příhod pětinásobně, přičemž základem prevence vzniku cévních mozkových příhod je perorální antikoagulační léčba. Aby bylo možno vyhledávat pacienty s vysokou pravděpodobností vzniku FS, je třeba zjistit faktory predikující vznik FS. Popisujeme případ 69letého pacienta s asymptomatickou palpitací, u něhož 24hodinové holterovské monitorování prokázalo několik nepřevedených předčasných síňových komplexů (non-conducted premature atrial complex, ncPAC) vedoucích ke vzniku FS.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in adults with substantial morbidity and mortality. AF increases the risk of stroke 5-fold compared to the general population and oral anticoagulant therapy represents the cornerstone for stroke prevention. Therefore, it is necessary to identify predictive factors for the onset of AF in order to screen patients with a high probability of AF development. We report the case of a 69-year-old patient asymptomatic for palpitation with a 24-hour Holter ECG showing several ncPACs (non-conducted premature atrial complexes) leading to AF onset.

• MeSH
• cévní mozková příhoda prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• elektrokardiografie ambulantní metody   MeSH
• fibrilace síní diagnóza   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rizikové faktory kardiovaskulárních chorob MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• síňové extrasystoly * diagnostické zobrazování   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• srdeční arytmie diagnostické zobrazování   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH