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Association of holidays and the day of the week with suicide risk: multicounty, two stage, time series study
W. Lee, C. Kang, C. Park, ML. Bell, B. Armstrong, D. Roye, M. Hashizume, A. Gasparrini, A. Tobias, F. Sera, Y. Honda, A. Urban, J. Kyselý, C. Íñiguez, N. Ryti, Y. Guo, S. Tong, M. de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, E. Lavigne, F. de'Donato, YL....
Language English Country England, Great Britain
Document type Journal Article
Grant support
MR/V034162/1
Medical Research Council - United Kingdom
NLK
Europe PubMed Central
from 1981
ProQuest Central
from 1996-01-01
Nursing & Allied Health Database (ProQuest)
from 1996-01-01
Health & Medicine (ProQuest)
from 1996-01-01
- MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Holidays * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Suicide * statistics & numerical data psychology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To assess the short term temporal variations in suicide risk related to the day of the week and national holidays in multiple countries. DESIGN: Multicountry, two stage, time series design. SETTING: Data from 740 locations in 26 countries and territories, with overlapping periods between 1971 and 2019, collected from the Multi-city Multi-country Collaborative Research Network database. PARTICIPANTS: All suicides were registered in these locations during the study period (overall 1 701 286 cases). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily suicide mortality. RESULTS: Mondays had peak suicide risk during weekdays (Monday-Friday) across all countries, with relative risks (reference: Wednesday) ranging from 1.02 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.10) in Costa Rica to 1.17 (1.09 to 1.25) in Chile. Suicide risks were lowest on Saturdays or Sundays in many countries in North America, Asia, and Europe. However, the risk increased during weekends in South and Central American countries, Finland, and South Africa. Additionally, evidence suggested strong increases in suicide risk on New Year's day in most countries with relative risks ranging from 0.93 (95% CI 0.75 to 1.14) in Japan to 1.93 (1.31 to 2.85) in Chile, whereas the evidence on Christmas day was weak. Suicide risk was associated with a weak decrease on other national holidays, except for Central and South American countries, where the risk generally increased one or two days after these holidays. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide risk was highest on Mondays and increased on New Year's day in most countries. However, the risk of suicide on weekends and Christmas varied by country and territory. The results of this study can help to better understand the short term variations in suicide risks and define suicide prevention action plans and awareness campaigns.
Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research University of Oulu Oulu Finland
Climate Research Foundation Madrid Spain
Department of Environmental Health Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health Boston MA USA
Department of Environmental Medicine College of Medicine Ewha Woman's University Seoul South Korea
Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service ASL Roma 1 Rome Italy
Department of Global Health Policy Graduate School of Medicine University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
Department of Statistics and Computational Research Universitat de València València Spain
Environment and Health Modeling Lab London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London UK
Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau Health Canada Ottawa Canada
Epidemiology IBE Faculty of Medicine LMU Munich Munich Germany
Faculty of Environmental Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic
Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
Institute of Atmospheric Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Barcelona Spain
International University Health Science University of Medicine Basseterre St Kitts and Nevis
School of Epidemiology and Public Health Faculty of Medicine University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
School of Public Health and Social Work Queensland University of Technology Brisbane QLD Australia
School of the Environment Yale University New Haven CT USA
School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nagasaki University Nagasaki Japan
Spanish and Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health Santiago de Compostela Spain
System Health and Engineering Major in Graduate School Ewha Woman's University Seoul South Korea
References provided by Crossref.org
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