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Vitamin D and its receptor in skeletal muscle are associated with muscle disease manifestation, lipid metabolism and physical fitness of patients with myositis

L. Vernerová, M. Vokurková, NA. Laiferová, M. Nemec, M. Špiritović, O. Mytiai, S. Oreská, M. Klein, K. Kubínová, V. Horváthová, T. Kropáčková, L. Wenchich, M. Tomčík, J. Ukropec, B. Ukropcová, J. Vencovský

. 2025 ; 27 (1) : 48. [pub] 20250304

Language English Country England, Great Britain

Document type Journal Article

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc25009567

Grant support
NU21-05-00322 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
NU21-05-00322 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
023728 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
NU21-05-00322 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
NU21-05-00322 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
023728 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
023728 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
023728 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
023728 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
NU21-05-00322 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
NU21-05-00322 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
NU21-05-00322 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
NU21-05-00322 Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic
LM2023033 Large research infrastructure project BBMRI.cz
LM2023033 Large research infrastructure project BBMRI.cz
LM2023033 Large research infrastructure project BBMRI.cz
LM2023033 Large research infrastructure project BBMRI.cz
APVV 20/0466 The Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic
APVV 20/0466 The Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic
APVV 20/0466 The Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic
APVV 20/0466 The Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic
APVV 20/0466 The Ministry of Education, Research, Development and Youth of the Slovak Republic
SVV 260638 Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic
SVV 260638 Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic
SVV 260638 Ministry of Education Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic

BACKGROUND: Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with several autoimmune diseases. A growing body of evidence supports the association of vitamin D with skeletal muscle damage, regeneration, and energy and lipid metabolism. The aim was to analyse vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) in the muscle tissue of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and to relate them to clinical parameters and muscle lipid and energy metabolism. METHODS: Forty-six patients with IIM and 67 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. 27 IIM patients participated in a 24-week exercise intervention. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 7 IIM patients before/after training, 13 non-exercising IIM controls, and 21 HC. Circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)D were measured. Gene expression of VDR and CYP27B1, the enzyme converting 25(OH)D to hormonally active 1,25(OH)D, was determined by qPCR in muscle tissue and primary muscle cells. Lipid oxidative metabolism was assessed in muscle tissue (mRNA, qPCR) and primary muscle cells (radioactive assays). RESULTS: Lower levels of active 1,25(OH)D were observed in IIM patients compared with HC (mean ± SD: 125.0 ± 45.4 vs. 164.7 ± 49.2 pmol/L; p < 0.0001). 25(OH)D was associated with CRP (r = -0.316, p = 0.037), MITAX (r = -0.311, p = 0.040) and HAQ (r = -0.390, p = 0.009) in IIM. After 24 weeks of training, active 1,25(OH)D was associated with MMT8 (r = 0.866, p < 0.0001), FI-2 (r = 0.608, p = 0.013) and HAQ (r = -0.537, p = 0.032). Gene expression of both VDR and CYP27B1 in primary muscle cells decreased after training (p = 0.031 and p = 0.078, respectively). Associations of VDR mRNA in muscle tissue with MMT-8 (IIM: r = -0.559, p = 0.013), serum CK (HC: r = 0.484, p = 0.031), myoglobin (IIM: r = 0.510, p = 0.026) and myostatin (IIM: r = -0.519, p = 0.023) were observed. The expression of VDR in differentiated muscle cells correlated negatively with the complete oxidation of palmitic acid (r = -0.532, p = 0.028). Muscle mRNA of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) (downregulated in IIM, p = 0.001) correlated positively with serum 1,25(OH) vitamin D (r = 0.410, p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Reduced biologically active vitamin D in circulation suggests its impaired metabolism in IIM. Serum vitamin D levels and gene expression of its receptor and activating enzyme in muscle tissue were modified by regular exercise and associated with disease manifestations, physical fitness, and muscle lipid metabolism of IIM patients.

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$a Vitamin D and its receptor in skeletal muscle are associated with muscle disease manifestation, lipid metabolism and physical fitness of patients with myositis / $c L. Vernerová, M. Vokurková, NA. Laiferová, M. Nemec, M. Špiritović, O. Mytiai, S. Oreská, M. Klein, K. Kubínová, V. Horváthová, T. Kropáčková, L. Wenchich, M. Tomčík, J. Ukropec, B. Ukropcová, J. Vencovský
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$a BACKGROUND: Low levels of vitamin D have been associated with several autoimmune diseases. A growing body of evidence supports the association of vitamin D with skeletal muscle damage, regeneration, and energy and lipid metabolism. The aim was to analyse vitamin D and its receptor (VDR) in the muscle tissue of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and to relate them to clinical parameters and muscle lipid and energy metabolism. METHODS: Forty-six patients with IIM and 67 healthy controls (HC) were included in the study. 27 IIM patients participated in a 24-week exercise intervention. Muscle biopsies were obtained from 7 IIM patients before/after training, 13 non-exercising IIM controls, and 21 HC. Circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)D were measured. Gene expression of VDR and CYP27B1, the enzyme converting 25(OH)D to hormonally active 1,25(OH)D, was determined by qPCR in muscle tissue and primary muscle cells. Lipid oxidative metabolism was assessed in muscle tissue (mRNA, qPCR) and primary muscle cells (radioactive assays). RESULTS: Lower levels of active 1,25(OH)D were observed in IIM patients compared with HC (mean ± SD: 125.0 ± 45.4 vs. 164.7 ± 49.2 pmol/L; p < 0.0001). 25(OH)D was associated with CRP (r = -0.316, p = 0.037), MITAX (r = -0.311, p = 0.040) and HAQ (r = -0.390, p = 0.009) in IIM. After 24 weeks of training, active 1,25(OH)D was associated with MMT8 (r = 0.866, p < 0.0001), FI-2 (r = 0.608, p = 0.013) and HAQ (r = -0.537, p = 0.032). Gene expression of both VDR and CYP27B1 in primary muscle cells decreased after training (p = 0.031 and p = 0.078, respectively). Associations of VDR mRNA in muscle tissue with MMT-8 (IIM: r = -0.559, p = 0.013), serum CK (HC: r = 0.484, p = 0.031), myoglobin (IIM: r = 0.510, p = 0.026) and myostatin (IIM: r = -0.519, p = 0.023) were observed. The expression of VDR in differentiated muscle cells correlated negatively with the complete oxidation of palmitic acid (r = -0.532, p = 0.028). Muscle mRNA of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (CPT1) (downregulated in IIM, p = 0.001) correlated positively with serum 1,25(OH) vitamin D (r = 0.410, p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Reduced biologically active vitamin D in circulation suggests its impaired metabolism in IIM. Serum vitamin D levels and gene expression of its receptor and activating enzyme in muscle tissue were modified by regular exercise and associated with disease manifestations, physical fitness, and muscle lipid metabolism of IIM patients.
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