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The impact of individual comorbidities in transplant recipients receiving post-transplant cyclophosphamide

A. Spyridonidis, M. Labopin, BP. Savani, A. Kulagin, D. Blaise, AEC. Broers, S. Sica, AM. Raiola, J. Vydra, G. Choi, M. Rovira, M. Kwon, J. Sanz, M. Itäla-Remes, P. von dem Borne, A. Esquirol, Y. Koc, E. Brissot, A. Nagler, M. Mohty, F. Ciceri

. 2025 ; 60 (4) : 499-506. [pub] 20250205

Language English

Document type Journal Article

Persistent link   https://www.medvik.cz/link/bmc25016282

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) is increasingly used as effective graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation (allo-HCT). However, PTCY is associated with toxicities. Whether patients with specific comorbidities are more vulnerable to cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity is unclear. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of individual organ dysfunctions for non-relapse mortality (NRM) risk and overall survival (OS) among 5888 adults who underwent PTCY-based allo-HCT for acute myeloid leukemia between 2010 and 2023. In multivariable analyses 5 of the comorbidities (renal, moderate/severe hepatic, cardiac including arrhythmia/valvular disease, severe pulmonary, infection) were independently associated with adverse NRM and OS without influencing relapse rate. A simplified model using the absence (n = 4390), presence of 1 (n = 1229) or presence of 2 or 3 (n = 269) of the comorbidities which were determined individually to contribute to NRM stratified patients into 3 NRM risk (16.2% vs. 21.6% vs. 36%, retrospectively) and OS categories (64% vs. 56% vs. 36.4%, retrospectively). In Cox model, recipients with 2 or 3 comorbidities had an increased hazard ratio for NRM of 2.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89-3) and for OS of 1.96 (95% CI 1.64-2.33). Whether patients with concomitant diagnoses, as determined here, may benefit from a reduced PTCY dose remains to be evaluated in prospective clinical trials.

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$a Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCY) is increasingly used as effective graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation (allo-HCT). However, PTCY is associated with toxicities. Whether patients with specific comorbidities are more vulnerable to cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity is unclear. We retrospectively evaluated the impact of individual organ dysfunctions for non-relapse mortality (NRM) risk and overall survival (OS) among 5888 adults who underwent PTCY-based allo-HCT for acute myeloid leukemia between 2010 and 2023. In multivariable analyses 5 of the comorbidities (renal, moderate/severe hepatic, cardiac including arrhythmia/valvular disease, severe pulmonary, infection) were independently associated with adverse NRM and OS without influencing relapse rate. A simplified model using the absence (n = 4390), presence of 1 (n = 1229) or presence of 2 or 3 (n = 269) of the comorbidities which were determined individually to contribute to NRM stratified patients into 3 NRM risk (16.2% vs. 21.6% vs. 36%, retrospectively) and OS categories (64% vs. 56% vs. 36.4%, retrospectively). In Cox model, recipients with 2 or 3 comorbidities had an increased hazard ratio for NRM of 2.38 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89-3) and for OS of 1.96 (95% CI 1.64-2.33). Whether patients with concomitant diagnoses, as determined here, may benefit from a reduced PTCY dose remains to be evaluated in prospective clinical trials.
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