Psychoanalysis is concerned with investigation of endopsychic phenomena; using its own methods, it expresses hypotheses on its origin and functioning. These hypothese and their practical application are the subject of the submitted work. In the first part the author deals with the historical development of psychoanalytical theories and the possibility of a systemic approach in the construction of the comprehensive model of the psychic apparatus. The author explains Freud's theory and models corresponding to it as well as more recent ego psychological theories. In the conclusion she outlines a pattern of the development of objective relations which is in the background of the developmental trends of all psychic functions.

Psychiatrické oddĕlení OUNZ Praha