Uremia and dialysis treatment are associated with uncorrected oxidative and carbonyl stress and microinflammation. Elevation of both oxidative/carbonyl stress end products (advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and advanced lipoperoxidation end products (ALEs), autoantibodies against modified biological structures, and acute-phase reactants (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen) seems to take part in the development of various complications, among them accelerated atherosclerosis. These pathogenic mechanisms are supposed to act synergically; nevertheless, oxidative stress shows a closer relationship to inflammation and acute-phase reaction than advanced glycation. Its end product, AOPP, could, thus, represent a biochemical marker of specific importance.

Institute of Medical Biochemistry 1st Department of Medicine Division of Nephrology and 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital Prague Czech Republic

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